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| Progress In Electromagnetics Research | ISSN: 1070-4698, E-ISSN: 1559-8985 |
Home > Vol. 108 > pp. 51-64
GENERALIZED SYNTHESIS OF RAT RACE RING COUPLER AND ITS APPLICATION TO CIRCUIT MINIATURIZATIONBy J.-T. Kuo and C.-H. TsaiAbstract: Generalized synthesis of the rat race ring coupler is developed with its four arms being allowed to have different characteristic impedances. The transmission line theory incorporated with the even-odd analysis is used to formulate the conditions for solving the circuit parameters. The solution shows that a rat race ring with a normalized area of 41.82% or 0.97λ-circumference can be achieved. Based on the solutions, simulated bandwidths of the new ring hybrids are reported. Two experimental circuits are measured for validation check. One uses stepped-impedance sections to realize the four arms for further size reduction. This circuit occupies only 13.12% of that of a conventional hybrid ring at 1 GHz. It is believed that this implementation has the best size reduction for a microstrip ring hybrid in open literature. Measured scattering parameters show good agreement with the simulated results.
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