PIER | |
Progress In Electromagnetics Research | ISSN: 1070-4698, E-ISSN: 1559-8985 |
Home > Vol. 119 > pp. 381-394
A DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION APPROACH FOR ROBUST ADAPTIVE BEAMFORMING BASED ON JOINT ESTIMATION OF LOOK DIRECTION AND ARRAY GEOMETRYBy R. Mallipeddi, J. P. Lie, P. N. Suganthan, S. G. Razul, and C. M. S. SeeAbstract: The performance of traditional beamformers tends to degrade due to inaccurate estimation of covariance matrix and imprecise knowledge of array steering vector. The inaccurate estimation of covariance matrix can be attributed to limited data samples and the presence of desired signal in the training data. The mismatch between the actual and presumed steering vectors can be due to the error in the position (geometry) and/or in the look direction estimate. In this paper, we propose a differential evolution (DE) based robust adaptive beamforming that is able to achieve near optimal performance even in the presence of geometry error. Initially, we estimate an optimal steering vector by maximizing and minimizing the signal power in and out of the desired signal's angular range, respectively. Then, we estimate the look direction and reconstruct the covariance matrix. Based on the obtained steering vector, estimate for look direction and reconstructed covariance matrix, near optimal output SINR, can be obtained with the increase in the input SNR without observing any saturation even in the presence of geometry error. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Citation:
References:
2. Qu, Y., G. Liao, S.-Q. Zhu, X.-Y. Liu, and H. Jiang, "Performance analysis of beamforming for MIMO radar," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 123-134, 2008. 3. Byrne, D., M. O'Halloran, E. Jones, and M. Glavin, "Transmitter-grouping robust capon beamforming for breast cancer detection," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 108, 401-416, 2010. 4. Yang, P., F. Yang, Z.-P. Nie, B. Li, and X. Tang, "Robust adaptive beamformer using interpolation technique for conformal antenna array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 23, 215-228, 2010. 5. Lee, J.-H., G.-W. Jung, and W.-C. Tsai, "Antenna array beamforming in the presence of spatial information uncertainties," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 31, 139-156, 2011.
6. Liu, F., J. Wang, R. Du, L. Peng, and P. Chen, "A second-order cone programming approach for robust downlink beamforming with power control in cognitive radio networks ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 18, 221-231, 2011.
7. Reed, I. S., J. D. Mallett, and L. E. Nrennan, "Rapid convergence rate in adaptive arrays," IEEE Trans. on Aerosp. Electron. Syst., Vol. 10, 853-863, Nov. 1974. 8. Gu, Y.-J., Z.-G. Shi, K. S. Chen, and Y. LI, "Robust adaptive beamforming for steering vector uncertainties based on equivalent DOAs method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 277-290, 2008. 9. Gu, Y.-J., Z.-G. Shi, K. S. Chen, and Y. Li, "Robust adaptive beamforming for a class of Gaussian steering vector mismatch," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 81, 315-328, 2008. 10. Umrani, A. W., Y. Guan, and F. A. Umrani, "Effect of steering error vector and angular power distributions on beamforming and transmit diversity systems in correlated fading channel," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 105, 383-402, 2010. 11. Huang, C.-C. and J.-H. Lee, "Adaptive array beamforming using signal cyclostationarity and finite data," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 21, 217-228, 2011.
12. Wang, W., R.Wu, and J. Liang, "A novel diagonal loading method for robust adaptive beamforming," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 18, 245-255, 2011.
13. Li, J. and P. Stoica, Robust Adaptive Beamforming , John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, 2004.
14. Gershman, A. B., "Robust adaptive beamforming in sensor arrays," Int. J. Electron. Commun., Vol. 53, 305-314, Dec. 1999.
15. Jacobs, J. P. and J. P. de Villiers, "Gaussian-process-regression-based design of ultrawide-band and dual-band CPW-FED slot antennas ," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 13, 1763-1772, 2010.
16. Pu, T.-L., K.-M. Huang, B. Wang, and Y. Yang, "Application of micro-genetic algorithm to the design of matched high gain patch antenna with zero-refractive-index metamaterial lens," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 8-9, 1207-1217, 2010. 17. Zhang, Y.-J., S.-X. Gong, X. Wang, and W. T. Wang, "A hybrid genetic-algorithm space-mapping method for the optimization of aperture-coupled asymmetrical U-shaped slot antennas ," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 16, 2139-2153, 2010. 18. Mirzavand, R., B. Honarbakhsh, A. Abdipour, and A. Tavakoli, "Matamaterial-based phase shifters for ultra wide-band application," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 11-12, 1489-1496, 2009. 19. Yan, Y.-L., F. Guang, S.-X. Gong, X. Chen, and Z.-Y. Zhang, "Wideband YAGI-UDA antenna design using adaptive differential evolution algorithm," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 17-18, 2523-2536, 2010. 20. Li, J.-Y. and J. L. Guo, "Optimization technique using differential evolution for YAGI-UDA antennas," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 4, 449-461, 2009. 21. Xie, L., Y.-C. Jiao, Y.-Q. Wei, and G. Zhao, "A compact band-notched UWB antenna optimized by a novel self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 17-18, 2353-2361, 2010. 22. Li, J.-Y., "A bi-swarm optimizing strategy and its application of antenna design ," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 14-15, 1877-1886, 2009. 23. Li, Y., Y.-J. Gu, Z.-G. Shi, and K. S. Chen, "Robust adaptive beamforming based on particle filter with noise unknown," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 90, 151-169, 2009. 24. Castaldi, G., V. Galdi, and G. Gerini, "Evaluation of a neural-network-based adaptive beamforming scheme with magnitude-only constraints," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 11, 1-14, 2009. 25. Zaharis, Z. D. and T. V. Yioultsis, "A novel adaptive beamforming technique applied on linear antenna arrays using adaptive mutated boolen PSO," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 117, 165-179, 2011.
26. Palanisamy, P. and N. Rao, "Direction of arrival estimation based on fourth-order cumulant using propagator method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 18, 83-99, 2009. 27. Zhang, X., A. Gao, G. Feng, and D. Xu, "Blind joint DOA and DOD estimation and identifiability results for MIMO radar with di®erent transmit/receive array manifolds ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 18, 101-119, 2009. 28. Yang, P., F. Yang, and Z.-P Nie, "DOA estimation with sub-array divided technique and interpolated esprit algorithm on a cylindrical conformal array antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 103, 201-216, 2010. 29. Mallipeddi, R., J. P. Lie, P. N. Suganthan, S. G. Razul, and C. M. S. See, "Near optimal robust adaptive beamforming approach based on evolutionary algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 29, 157-174, 2011. 30. Mallipeddi, R., J. P. Lie, P. N. Suganthan, S. G. Razul, and C. M. S. See, "Robust adaptive beamforming based on covariance matrix reconstruction for look direction mismatch ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 25, 37-46, 2011.
31. Selén, Y., R. Abrahamsson, and P. Stoica, "Automatic robust adaptive beamforming via ridge regression," Signal Processing, Vol. 88, No. 1, 33-49, 2008. 32. Storn, R., K. V. Price, and J. Lampinen, "Differential Evolution --- A Practical Approach to Global Optimization," Berlin, 2005.
33. Das, S. and P. N. Suganthan, "Differential evolution: A survey of the state-of-the-art," IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 15, No. 1, 4-31, Feb. 2011. 34. Qin, A. K., V. L. Huang, and P. N. Suganthan, "Differential evolution algorithm with strategy adaptation for global numerical optimization," IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 13, 398-417, Apr. 2009. 35. Mallipeddi, R. and P. N. Suganthan, "Ensemble of constraint handling techniques," IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 14, No. 5, 561-579, Aug. 2010. 36. Mallipeddi, R., P. N. Suganthan, Q. K. Pan, and M. F. Tasgetiren, "Differential evolution algorithm with ensemble of parameters and mutation strategies," Applied Soft Computing, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1679-1696, 2010. 37. Lie, J. P., X. Li, W. Ser, C. M. S. See, L. Lei, "Adaptive uncertainty based iterative robust capon beamformer," Proc. IEEE Int. Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) Conf. , 2526-2529, 2010.
38. Yu, Z. L., Z. Gu, J. Zhou, Y. Li, S. Wee, and M. H. Er, "A robust adaptive beamformer based on worst-case semi-definite programming ," IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 58, No. 11, 5914-5919, 2010. 39. Mouhamadou, M., P. Vaudon, and M. Rammal, "Smart antenna array patterns synthesis: Null steering and multi-user beamforming by phase control," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 60, 95-106, 2006. |