Vol. 56
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2005-08-23
Global Optimization and Antenna Synthesis and Diagnosis, Part Two: Applications to Advanced Reflector Antennas Synthesis and Diagnosis Techniques
By
, Vol. 56, 233-261, 2006
Abstract
The paper presents the application of the hybrid global optimization algorithm, introduced in the companion paper Part I, to reflector antenna power pattern synthesis and reflector antenna surface diagnosis from only amplitude data. The synthesis algorithm determines both the reflector surface and the excitation coefficients of the array of primary feeds to meet the designing specification on the far-field pattern expressed by means of two couple of masks bounding the squared amplitude of both the copolar and crosspolar components. The diagnosis technique allows to find the reflector surface profile from the measurement of the far field power pattern by a proper formulation of the corresponding inverse problem. In both cases we take advantage of the exploring capability of an evolutionary algorithm and of the solution refinement capability of an efficient, quasi-Newton based, local search procedure. The numerical analysis shows that Global Optimization can outperform the standard local approach, by significantly improving the performance of the synthesized antenna in the first case and by enhancing the reliability of the diagnosis procedure in the second one.
Citation
Amedeo Capozzoli, and Giuseppe D'Elia, "Global Optimization and Antenna Synthesis and Diagnosis, Part Two: Applications to Advanced Reflector Antennas Synthesis and Diagnosis Techniques," , Vol. 56, 233-261, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05032503
References

1. Bucci, O. M., G. D'Elia, G. Mazzarella, and G. Panariello, "Antenna pattern synthesis: a new general approach," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 82, No. 3, 358-371, 1994.
doi:10.1109/5.272140

2. Bucci, O. M., G. D'Elia, and G. Romito, "Synthesis technique for scanning and/or reconfigurable beams reflector antennas with phase-only control," IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 143, 402-412, 1996.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:19960262

3. Shen, B. and W. L. Stutzman, "Design of sperical trireflector antennas with high aperture efficiency," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 41, No. 6, 778-786, 1993.
doi:10.1109/8.250440

4. Searle, A. D. and B. S. Westcott, "Hybrid antenna synthesis for reconfigurable contoured beams," IEE Proc. Pt. H., Vol. 140, No. 4, 263-268, 1993.

5. Botha, E. and D. A. McNamara, "Conformal array synthesis using alternating pro jections with maximal likelihood estimation used in one of the pro jection operator," Electronics Letters, Vol. 29, 1733-1734, 1993.

6. Clarricoats, P. J. B., A. D. Monk, and H. Zhou, "Array- fed reconfigurable reflectors for spacecraft systems," Electronics Letters, Vol. 30, No. 8, 613-614, 1994.
doi:10.1049/el:19940456

7. Steiskal, H., "Synthesis of antenna patterns with imposed near- field nulls," Electronics Letters, Vol. 30, No. 24, 2000-2001, 1994.
doi:10.1049/el:19941417

8. Duan, D. W. and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "A generalized diffraction synthesis technique for high performance reflector antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 43, No. 1, 27-40, 1995.
doi:10.1109/8.366348

9. Buckley, M. J., "Synthesis of shaped beams antenna patterns using implicitly constrained current elements," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 44, 192-197, 1996.
doi:10.1109/8.481647

10. Vaskelainen, L. J., "Iterative least-squares synthesis methods for conformal array antennas with optimized polarization and frequency properties," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 45, No. 7, 1179-1185, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.596912

11. Landesa, L., F. Obelleiro, J. L. Rodriguez, and A. G. Pino, "Pattern synthesis of array antennas in presence of conducting bodies of arbitrary shape," Electronics. Letters, Vol. 33, No. 18, 1512-1513, 1997.
doi:10.1049/el:19971014

12. Obelleiro, F., L. Landesa, J. L. Rodriguez, A. G. Pino, and M. R. Pino, "Directivity optimisation of an array antenna with obstacles within the near-field region," Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 25, 2087-2088, 1997.
doi:10.1049/el:19971434

13. Landesa, L., F. Obelleiro, J. L. Rodriguez, J. A. Rodriguez, F. Ares, and A. G. Pino, "Pattern synthesis of array antennas with additional isolation of near-field arbitrary ob jects," Electronics Letters, Vol. 34, No. 16, 1540-1541, 1998.
doi:10.1049/el:19981081

14. Hay, S. G., "Dual-shaped-reflector directivity pattern synthesis using the successive pro jections method," IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 146, No. 2, 119-124, 1999.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:19990560

15. Hoferer, R. A. and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "A GO-subreflector implementation methodology using a Fourier-Jacobi surface expansion," Proc. of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, Vol. 4, 2328-2331, 1999.

16. Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia, "An effective power synthesis technique for shaped, double-reflector multifeed antennas," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 17, No. 5, 743-754, 2003.
doi:10.1163/156939303322226400

17. Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia, "Reconfigurable conformal array synthesis with near field constraints," PIERS 2000, Vol. '' S 2000, 5-14, 2000.

18. Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia, "Synthesis of reflector antennas with near-field constraints," Proceedings of the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Society, Vol. 1, 562-565, 2001.

19. Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia, "A global optimization technique in the synthesis of reflector antennas," 17th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics, 19-23, 2001.

20. Haupt, R. L., "Thinned arrays using genetic algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 42, No. 7, 993-999, 1994.
doi:10.1109/8.299602

21. Mitchell, R. J., B. Chambers, and A. P. Anderson, "Array pattern synthesis in the complex plane optimised by a genetic algorithm," Electronics Letters, Vol. 32, No. 20, 1843-1845, 1996.
doi:10.1049/el:19961255

22. Johnson, J. M. and Y. Rahmat Samii, "Genetic algorithms in engineering electromagnetics," IEEE Antennas Propagat. Mag., Vol. 39, No. 4, 7-25, 1997.
doi:10.1109/74.632992

23. Ferreira, J. A. and F. Ares, "Pattern synthesis of conformal arrays by the simulated annealing technique," Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 14, 1187-1189, 1997.
doi:10.1049/el:19970838

24. Yan, K.-K. and Y. Lu, "Side lobe reduction in array-pattern synthesis using genetic algorithm," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 45, No. 7, 1117-1122, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.596902

25. Markus, K. and L. Vaskelainen, "Optimisation of synthesised array excitations using array polynome complex root swapping and genetic algorithms," IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 145, No. 6, 460-464, 1998.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:19982041

26. Marcano, D. and F. Duran, "Synthesis of antenna arrays using genetic algorithms," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 42, No. 3, 12-20, 2000.
doi:10.1109/74.848944

27. Safak, M., "Limitation on reflector antenna gain by random surface errors, pointing errors, and the angle-of arrival jitter," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 38, No. 1, 117-121, 1990.
doi:10.1109/8.43597

28. Rochblatt, D. J. and Y. Rahamat-Samii, "Effects of measurement Errors on microwave antenna holography," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 39, No. 7, 933-942, 1991.
doi:10.1109/8.86912

29. Ramson, P. L. and R. Mittra, "A method for locating defective elements in large phased array," Phased Arrays, 351-356, 1972.

30. Bennet, J. C, A. P. Anderson, P. A. McInnes, and A. J. T. Whitaker, "Microwave holographic metrology of large reflector antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 24, No. 5, 293-303, 1976.

31. Rahamat-Samii, Y., "Surface diagnosis of large reflector antennas using microwave holographic metrology: an iterative approach," Radio Science, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1205-1217, 1984.

32. Rahamat-Samii, Y., "Microwave holography of large reflector antennas-simulation algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 33, No. 11, 1194-1203, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1985.1143515

33. Morris, D., "Phase retrieval in the radio holography of reflector antennas and radio telescopes," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 33, No. 7, 749-755, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1985.1143663

34. Morris, D., "Correction to: phase retrieval in the radio holography of reflector antennas and radio telescopes," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 33, No. 12, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1985.1143537

35. Anderson, A. P. and S. Sali, "New possibilities for phaseless microwave diagnostics. Part 1: Error reduction techniques," IEE Proceedings Pt. H, Vol. 132, No. 5, 291-298, 1985.

36. Gardenier, P. H., C. A. Lim, D. G. H. Tan, and R. H. T. Bates, "Aperture distribution phase from single radiation pattern measurement via Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm," Electronic Letters, Vol. 22, No. 2, 113-115, 1986.

37. Rahamat-Sarnii, Y., "Correction to: microwave holography of large reflector antennas-simulation algorithms," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 34, No. 6, 1986.

38. Morris, D., H. Hein, H. Steppe, and J. W. M. Baars, "Phase retrieval radio holography in the Fresnel region: tests on the 30 m telescope at 86 GHz," IEE Proceedings Pt. H, Vol. 135, No. 1, 61-64, 1988.

39. Anderson, A. P. and J. E. M. McCorrnack, "Phase retrieval enhancement of antenna metrology data," Electronic Letters, Vol. 24, No. 19, 1243-1244, 1988.

40. Rochblatt, D. J. and Y. Rahamat-Samii, "Effects of measurement errors on microwave antenna holography," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 39, No. 7, 933-942, 1991.
doi:10.1109/8.86912

41. Wood, P. J., "A new methodology for reconstructing aperture field from spherical surface data, with application to the array diagnostic," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 39, 1436-1441, 1991.
doi:10.1109/8.99057

42. Morris, D., J. H. Davis, and C. E. Mayer, "Experimental assessment of phase retrieval holography of radiotelescope," IEE Proceedings Pt. H, Vol. 138, No. 3, 243-247, 1991.

43. Morris, D., "Simulated annealing applied to the Misell algorithm for phase retrieval," IEE Proceedings Pt. H, Vol. 143, No. 4, 298-303, 1991.

44. Anderson, A. P., Y. D. Cheung, and J. Junkin, "Phase retrieval near-field metrology of unknown aperture," Electronic Letters, Vol. 28, No. 5, 454-455, 1992.

45. Lord, J. A., G. G. Cook, and A. P. Anderson, "Reconstruction of the excitation of an array antenna from measured near-field intensity using phase retrieval," IEE Proceedings-Pt. H, Vol. 139, No. 4, 392-396, 1992.

46. Rochblatt, D. J., P. M. Withington, and H. J. Jackson, "DSS-24 microwave holography measurement," NASA/JPL TDA Progress Report, 1995.

47. Richter, P. H. and D. J. Rochblatt, "A microwave performance calibration system for NASA's deep space network antennas, Part 1: Assessment of antenna gain and pointing, and calibration of radio sources," 10th International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, No. 4, 1997.

48. Rochblatt, D. J., P. H. Richter, and T. Y. Otoshi, "A microwave performance calibration system for NASA's deep space network antennas, Part 2: Holography, alignment, and frequency stability," 10th International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, No. 4, 1997.

49. Leone, G. and R. Pierri, "Reflector antenna diagnosis from phaseless data," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 45, No. 8, 1236-1244, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.611242

50. Bucci, O. M., G. D'Elia, and G. Romito, "Reflector distortions diagnosis from far-field amplitude pattern," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 43, No. 11, 1217-1225, 1995.

51. Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia, "A hybrid evolutionary algorithm in the diagnosis of reflector distortions," JINA 98, 17-19, 1998.

52. Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia, "A hybrid evolutionary algorithm in the diagnosis of reflector distortions from far-field amplitude pattern," Atti del la Fondazione Ronchi, Vol. 54, No. 3, 503-519, 1999.

53. Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia, "A Lamarckian — type evolutionary algorithm for large reflector diagnosis," XXVI General Assembly of the International Union of Radio Science, 13-21, 1999.

54. Bucci, O. M., A. Capozzoli, and G. D'Elia, "Diagnosis of array faults from far-field amplitude-only data," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 48, 647-652, 2000.
doi:10.1109/8.855482

55. Tikhonov, A. and V. Arsenine, Methodes de Resolution de Problemes Mal Poses, MIR, 1976.

56. Lamb, J. W. and A. D. Olver, "Blockage due to subreflector supports in large radiotelescopes antennas," IEE Proceedings, 43-49, 1986.

57. Moldsvor, A. and P. Kildal, "Analysis of aperture blockage in reflector antennas by using obstacle-located blockage currents," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 40, 1992.
doi:10.1109/8.123364

58. Luenberger, D. G., Linear and Nonlinear Programming, Addison-Wesley, 1984.

59. Born, M. and M. Wolf, Principles of Optics, Pergamon Press, 1970.

60. Capozzoli, A., "On a new recursive formula for zernike polynomials first order derivatives," Atti del la Fondazione G. Ronchi, No. 6, 1999.