volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Invisibility has been a tantalizing concept for mankind over several centuries. With recent developments in metamaterial science and nanotechnology, the possibility of cloaking objects to incoming electromagnetic radiation has been escaping the realm of science fiction to become a technological reality. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art in the science of invisibility for electromagnetic waves, and examine the different available technical concepts and experimental investigations, focusing on the underlying physics and the basic scientific concepts. We discuss the available cloaking methods, including transformation optics, plasmonic and mantle cloaking, transmission-line networks, parallel-plate cloaking, anomalous resonance methods, hybrid methods and active schemes, and give our perspective on the subject and its future. We also draw a parallel with cloaking research for acoustic and elastodynamic waves, liquid waves, matter waves and thermal flux, demonstrating how ideas initiated in the field of electromagnetism have been able to open groundbreaking venues in a variety of other scientific fields. Finally, applications of cloaking to non-invasive sensing are discussed and reviewed.

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278. Soric, J. C., R. Fleury, A. Monti, A. Toscano, F. Bilotti, and A. Alu, "Controlling scattering and absorption with metamaterial covers," IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., Vol. 62, No. 8, 4220-4229, Jul. 2014.

279. Kwon, D. H. and D. H. Werner, "Restoration of antenna parameters in scattering environments using electromagnetic cloaking," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, No. 11, 113507, Mar. 2008.

280. Monti, A., A. Toscano, and F. Bilotti, "Metasurface mantle cloak for antenna applications," 2012 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), Jul. 2012.

281. Valagiannopoulos, C. A. and N. L. Tsitsas, "Integral equation analysis of a low-profile receiving planar microstrip antenna with a cloaking substrate," Radio Sci., Vol. 47, RS004878, Apr. 2012.

282. Vehmas, J., P. Alitalo, and S. Tretyakov, "Experimental demonstration of antenna blockage reduction with a transmission-line cloak," IET Microw. Antennas Propag., Vol. 6, No. 7, 830-834, Jan. 2012.

283. Monti, A., J. Soric, A. Alu, F. Bilotti, A. Toscano, and L. Vegni, "Overcoming mutual blockage between neighboring dipole antennas using a low-profile patterned metasurface," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 11, 1414, 2012.

284. Alu, A. and N. Engheta, "Cloaked near-field scanning optical microscope tip for noninvasive near-field imaging," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 105, No. 26, 263906, Dec. 2010.

285. Bilotti, F., S. Tricarico, F. Pierini, and L. Vegni, "Cloaking apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy tips," Optics Lett., Vol. 36, No. 26, 211-213, Jan. 2011.

286. Fan, P., U. K. Chettiar, L. Cao, F. Afshinmanesh, N. Engheta, and M. L. Brongersma, "An invisible metal-semiconductor photodetector," Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, 380-385, May 2012.

287. Fleury, R., J. Soric, and A. Alu, "Physical bounds on absorption and scattering for cloaked sensors," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 89, No. 4, 045122, 12 pages, Jan. 15, 2014.

288. Alu, A. and N. Engheta, "How does zero forward-scattering in magnetodielectric nanoparticles comply with the optical theorem?," J. Nanophoton., Vol. 4, No. 1, 041590, May 2010.

289. Zhang, B., H. Chen, B. I. Wu, and J. A. Kong, "Extraordinary surface voltage effect in the invisibility cloak with an active device inside," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 100, 063904, Feb. 2008.

290. Xu, T., X. F. Zhu, B. Liang, Y. Li, X. Y. Zou, and J. C. Cheng, "Scattering reduction for an acoustic sensor using a multilayer shell comprising a pair of homogenous isotropic single-negative media," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 101, 033509, Jul. 2012.

Dr. Romain Fleury

Dr. Andrea Alu