Vol. 11
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERB 105 [2024] PIERB 104 [2024] PIERB 103 [2023] PIERB 102 [2023] PIERB 101 [2023] PIERB 100 [2023] PIERB 99 [2023] PIERB 98 [2023] PIERB 97 [2022] PIERB 96 [2022] PIERB 95 [2022] PIERB 94 [2021] PIERB 93 [2021] PIERB 92 [2021] PIERB 91 [2021] PIERB 90 [2021] PIERB 89 [2020] PIERB 88 [2020] PIERB 87 [2020] PIERB 86 [2020] PIERB 85 [2019] PIERB 84 [2019] PIERB 83 [2019] PIERB 82 [2018] PIERB 81 [2018] PIERB 80 [2018] PIERB 79 [2017] PIERB 78 [2017] PIERB 77 [2017] PIERB 76 [2017] PIERB 75 [2017] PIERB 74 [2017] PIERB 73 [2017] PIERB 72 [2017] PIERB 71 [2016] PIERB 70 [2016] PIERB 69 [2016] PIERB 68 [2016] PIERB 67 [2016] PIERB 66 [2016] PIERB 65 [2016] PIERB 64 [2015] PIERB 63 [2015] PIERB 62 [2015] PIERB 61 [2014] PIERB 60 [2014] PIERB 59 [2014] PIERB 58 [2014] PIERB 57 [2014] PIERB 56 [2013] PIERB 55 [2013] PIERB 54 [2013] PIERB 53 [2013] PIERB 52 [2013] PIERB 51 [2013] PIERB 50 [2013] PIERB 49 [2013] PIERB 48 [2013] PIERB 47 [2013] PIERB 46 [2013] PIERB 45 [2012] PIERB 44 [2012] PIERB 43 [2012] PIERB 42 [2012] PIERB 41 [2012] PIERB 40 [2012] PIERB 39 [2012] PIERB 38 [2012] PIERB 37 [2012] PIERB 36 [2012] PIERB 35 [2011] PIERB 34 [2011] PIERB 33 [2011] PIERB 32 [2011] PIERB 31 [2011] PIERB 30 [2011] PIERB 29 [2011] PIERB 28 [2011] PIERB 27 [2011] PIERB 26 [2010] PIERB 25 [2010] PIERB 24 [2010] PIERB 23 [2010] PIERB 22 [2010] PIERB 21 [2010] PIERB 20 [2010] PIERB 19 [2010] PIERB 18 [2009] PIERB 17 [2009] PIERB 16 [2009] PIERB 15 [2009] PIERB 14 [2009] PIERB 13 [2009] PIERB 12 [2009] PIERB 11 [2009] PIERB 10 [2008] PIERB 9 [2008] PIERB 8 [2008] PIERB 7 [2008] PIERB 6 [2008] PIERB 5 [2008] PIERB 4 [2008] PIERB 3 [2008] PIERB 2 [2008] PIERB 1 [2008]
2009-01-05
Design and Modeling for Enhancement of Light Extraction in Light-Emitting Diodes with Archimedean Lattice Photonic Crystals
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 11, 265-279, 2009
Abstract
Light extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on various photonic crystal (PhC) structures was investigated in this study. By using the plane wave method and the finite element method, the influence of several factors on the enhancement of light extraction was discussed, including lattice type, density of states from a photonic band diagram, ratio of cylinder radius and lattice constant, and thickness of a photonic crystal pattern. Some rules are given for the practical implementation of an optimized PhC-based LED with higher light extraction efficiency. In the simulation results, the maximum enhancement of the extraction efficiency could be found to be by a factor of approximately 2.8 for the optimized Archimedean tiling pattern in the LED device emitting at the center wavelength of 530 nm. However, with the use of optimized PhC structures, the square and triangular lattices reveal enhancements of ~1.7 and ~1.5, respectively. The extraction efficiency of the Archimedean PhC LED is much greater than that of the regular lattice PhC LED.
Citation
Jiun-Yeu Chen, Jia-Yi Yeh, Lien-Wen Chen, Yi-Geng Li, and Ching-Cheng Wang, "Design and Modeling for Enhancement of Light Extraction in Light-Emitting Diodes with Archimedean Lattice Photonic Crystals," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 11, 265-279, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08112704
References

1. Joannopoulos, J. D., S. G. Johnson, J. N. Winn, and R. D. Meade, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, 2nd Ed., Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008.

2. Rigneault, H., J.-M. Lourtioz, C. Delalande, and A. Levenson, Nanophotonics, ISTE, London, 2006.

3. Patel, N. K., S. Cina, and J. H. Burroughes, "High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes," IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 8, No. 2, 346-361, 2002.
doi:10.1109/2944.999190

4. Fujita, M., K. Ishihara, T. Ueno, T. Asano, S. Noda, H. Ohata, T. Tsuji, H. Nakada, and N. Shimoji, "Optical and electrical characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes with two-dimensional photonic crystals in organic/electrode layers," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 44, No. 6A, 3669-3677, 2005.
doi:10.1143/JJAP.44.3669

5. David, A., T. Fujii, E. Matioli, R. Sharma, S. Nakamura, S. P. DenBaars, and C. Weisbuch, "GaN light-emitting diodes with Archimedean lattice photonic crystals," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, 073510, 2006.
doi:10.1063/1.2168673

6. David, A., H. Benisty, and C. Weisbuch, "Optimization of light-diffraction photonic-crystals for high extraction efficiency LEDs," Journal of Display Technology, Vol. 3, No. 2, 133-148, 2007.
doi:10.1109/JDT.2007.896736

7. Fan, S., P. R. Villeneuve, and J. D. Joannopoulos, "High extraction efficiency of spontaneous emission from slabs of photonic crystals," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, No. 17, 3294-3297, 1997.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3294

8. Lee, R. K., Y. Xu, and A. Yariv, "Modified spontaneous emission from a two dimensional photonic bandgap crystal slab," Journal of Optical Society of America B, Vol. 17, No. 8, 1438-1442, 2000.
doi:10.1364/JOSAB.17.001438

9. David, S., A. Chelnokov, and J.-M. Lourtioz, "Isotropic photonic structures: Archimedean-like tilings and quasi-crystals," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 37, No. 11, 1427-1433, 2001.
doi:10.1109/3.958365

10. Horiuchi, N., Y. Segawa, T. Nozokido, K. Mizuno, and H. Miyazaki, "Isotropic photonic gaps in a circular photonic crystal," Optics Letters, Vol. 29, No. 10, 1084-1086, 2004.
doi:10.1364/OL.29.001084

11. Ueda, K., T. Dotera, and T. Gemma, "Photonic band structure calculations of two-dimensional Archimedean tiling patterns," Physical Review B, Vol. 75, 195122, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.195122

12. Grunbaum, B. and G. C. Shephard, Tilings and Patterns, Freeman, New York, 1987.

13. Hobson, P. A., S. Wedge, J. A. E. Wasey, I. Sage, and W. L. Barnes, "Surface Plasmon mediated emission from organic light-emitting diodes," Advanced Materials, Vol. 14, No. 19, 1393-1396, 2002.
doi:10.1002/1521-4095(20021002)14:19<1393::AID-ADMA1393>3.0.CO;2-B

14. Bienstman, P., P. Vandersteegen, and R. Baets, "Modeling gratings on either side of the substrate for light extraction in light-emitting diodes," Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 39, 797-804, 2007.
doi:10.1007/s11082-007-9129-x

15. Do, Y. R., Y. C. Kim, Y.-W. Song, C.-O. Cho, H. Jeon, Y.-J. Lee, S. H. Kim, and Y.-H. Lee, "Enhanced light extraction from organic light-emitting diodes with 2D SiO2/SiNx photonic crystals," Advanced Materials, Vol. 15, No. 14, 1214-1218, 2003.
doi:10.1002/adma.200304857

16. Kitamura, M., S. Iwamoto, and Y. Arakawa, "Enhanced luminance efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes with two-dimensional photonic crystals," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 44, No. 4B, 2844-2848, 2005.
doi:10.1143/JJAP.44.2844

17. Kim, Y.-C., S.-H. Cho, Y.-W. Song, Y.-J. Lee, Y.-H. Lee, and Y. R. Do, "Planarized SiNx/spin-on-glass photonic crystal organic light-emitting diodes," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, 173502, 2006.
doi:10.1063/1.2364160

18. Noda, S., M. Yokoyama, M. Imada, A. Chutinan, and M. Mochizuki, "Polarization mode control of two-dimensional photonic crystal laser by unit cell structure design," Science, Vol. 293, 1123-1125, 2001.
doi:10.1126/science.1061738