Vol. 54
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERB 105 [2024] PIERB 104 [2024] PIERB 103 [2023] PIERB 102 [2023] PIERB 101 [2023] PIERB 100 [2023] PIERB 99 [2023] PIERB 98 [2023] PIERB 97 [2022] PIERB 96 [2022] PIERB 95 [2022] PIERB 94 [2021] PIERB 93 [2021] PIERB 92 [2021] PIERB 91 [2021] PIERB 90 [2021] PIERB 89 [2020] PIERB 88 [2020] PIERB 87 [2020] PIERB 86 [2020] PIERB 85 [2019] PIERB 84 [2019] PIERB 83 [2019] PIERB 82 [2018] PIERB 81 [2018] PIERB 80 [2018] PIERB 79 [2017] PIERB 78 [2017] PIERB 77 [2017] PIERB 76 [2017] PIERB 75 [2017] PIERB 74 [2017] PIERB 73 [2017] PIERB 72 [2017] PIERB 71 [2016] PIERB 70 [2016] PIERB 69 [2016] PIERB 68 [2016] PIERB 67 [2016] PIERB 66 [2016] PIERB 65 [2016] PIERB 64 [2015] PIERB 63 [2015] PIERB 62 [2015] PIERB 61 [2014] PIERB 60 [2014] PIERB 59 [2014] PIERB 58 [2014] PIERB 57 [2014] PIERB 56 [2013] PIERB 55 [2013] PIERB 54 [2013] PIERB 53 [2013] PIERB 52 [2013] PIERB 51 [2013] PIERB 50 [2013] PIERB 49 [2013] PIERB 48 [2013] PIERB 47 [2013] PIERB 46 [2013] PIERB 45 [2012] PIERB 44 [2012] PIERB 43 [2012] PIERB 42 [2012] PIERB 41 [2012] PIERB 40 [2012] PIERB 39 [2012] PIERB 38 [2012] PIERB 37 [2012] PIERB 36 [2012] PIERB 35 [2011] PIERB 34 [2011] PIERB 33 [2011] PIERB 32 [2011] PIERB 31 [2011] PIERB 30 [2011] PIERB 29 [2011] PIERB 28 [2011] PIERB 27 [2011] PIERB 26 [2010] PIERB 25 [2010] PIERB 24 [2010] PIERB 23 [2010] PIERB 22 [2010] PIERB 21 [2010] PIERB 20 [2010] PIERB 19 [2010] PIERB 18 [2009] PIERB 17 [2009] PIERB 16 [2009] PIERB 15 [2009] PIERB 14 [2009] PIERB 13 [2009] PIERB 12 [2009] PIERB 11 [2009] PIERB 10 [2008] PIERB 9 [2008] PIERB 8 [2008] PIERB 7 [2008] PIERB 6 [2008] PIERB 5 [2008] PIERB 4 [2008] PIERB 3 [2008] PIERB 2 [2008] PIERB 1 [2008]
2013-09-16
Stand-off Distances for Non-Line-of-Sight Maritime Mobile Applications in 5 GHz Band
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 54, 321-336, 2013
Abstract
Non-line-of-sight (NLoS) maritime mobile radio channel in 5 GHz band is experimentally investigated in this paper through wideband channel soundings. During the measurements, the transmitter was installed onboard a speed boat, while the receiver was placed on the roof top of a building on shore. Different types of cargo ships anchored off the east coast of Singapore were examined as obstructions for the NLoS propagations. Besides power delay profile (PDP), stand-off distance is introduced in this work to analyze the NLoS propagations associated with three different types of cargo ships. The measured PDPs and stand-off distances are found to be comparable qualitatively with the simulated results using 3-D ray tracing. The reported information is found to be useful for military applications such as unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in maritime environments or surveillance.
Citation
Yee Hui Lee, Feng Dong, and Yu Song Meng, "Stand-off Distances for Non-Line-of-Sight Maritime Mobile Applications in 5 GHz Band," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 54, 321-336, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERB13080808
References

1. Inoue, T. and T. Akiyama, "Propagation characteristics on line-of-sight over-sea paths in Japan," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 22, No. 4, 557-565, 1974.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1974.1140835

2. Hitney, H. V. and L. R. Hitney, "Frequency diversity effects of evaporation duct propagation," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 38, No. 10, 1694-1700, 1990.
doi:10.1109/8.59784

3. Maliatsos, K., P. Constantinou, P. Dallas, et al. "Measuring and modeling the wideband mobile channel for above the sea propagation paths," European Conf. Antennas Propag., 2006.

4. Yang, K., T. Roste, F. Bekkadal, et al. "Long-distance propagation measurements of mobile radio channel over sea at 2 GHz," 2011 IEEE Veh. Technol Conf., 2011.

5. Timmins, I. J. and S. O'Young, "Marine communications channel modeling using the finite-difference time domain method," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 58, No. 6, 2626-2637, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2008.2010326

6. Lei, Q. and M. Rice, "Multipath channel model for over-water aeronautical telemetry," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., Vol. 45, No. 2, 735-742, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2009.5089553

7. Meng, Y. S. and Y. H. Lee, "Measurements and characterizations of air-to-ground channel over sea surface at C-band with low airborne altitudes," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 60, No. 4, 1943-1948, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2011.2136364

8. Lee, Y. H. and Y. S. Meng, "Empirical modeling of ducting effects on a mobile microwave link over a sea surface," Radioengineering,, Vol. 21, No. 4, 1054-1059, 2012.

9. Joe, J., S. K. Hazra, S. H. Toh, et al. "Path loss measurements in sea port for WiMAX," IEEE Wirel. Commun. Netw. Conf., 2007.

10. Hu, C. F., Z. Zhou, and S. X. Guo, "A synchronous wideband frequency-domain method for long-distance channel measurement," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 137, 643-652, 2013.

11. Matolak, D. W., I. Sen, and W. Xiong, "The 5-GHz airport surface area channel --- Part I: Measurement and modeling results for large airports," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 57, No. 4, 2014-2026, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2007.912334

12. Sen, I. and D. W. Matolak, "The 5-GHz airport surface area channel --- Part II: Measurement and modeling results for small airports," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 57, No. 4, 2027-2035, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2007.912335

13. Dong, F., C. W. Chan, and Y. H. Lee, "Channel modeling in maritime environment for USV," Defence Technol. Asia 2011, 2011.

14. Parsons, J. D., The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York, 2000.
doi:10.1002/0470841524

15. Durgin, G., T. S. Rappaport, and H. Xu, "Measurements and models for radio path loss and penetration loss in and around homes and trees at 5.85 GHz," IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 46, No. 11, 1484-1496, 1998.
doi:10.1109/26.729393

16. Bertoni, H. L., Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 2000.

17. Meng, Y. S., Y. H. Lee, and B. C. Ng, "The effects of tropical weather on radio wave propagation over foliage channel," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 58, No. 8, 4023-4030, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TVT.2009.2021480

18. Meng, Y. S., Y. H. Lee, and B. C. Ng, "Further study of rainfall e®ect on VHF forested radio-wave propagation with four-layered model," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 99, 149-161, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09102201

19. FEMA 426 Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings,, Risk Management Series, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003.

20. Dong, F. and Y. H. Lee, "Non-line-of-sight communication links over sea surface at 5.5 GHz," 2011 Asia-Pacific Microw. Conf.,, 2011.

21. Dong, F. and Y. H. Lee, "Experiment results of a two-by-two diverse antennas system over the sea surface in NLOS scenario," IEEE APS Int. Symp. Antennas Propag., 2012.

22. Meng, Y. S. and Y. H. Lee, "Practical wideband channel sounding system for air-to-ground measurements at C band," IEEE Int. Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf., 2009.

23. "Wireless InSite, Version 2.2, ," Remcom Inc., 2006.
doi:www.remcom.com

24. Rappaport, T. S., Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Prentice-Hall Inc., NJ, 2002.

25. Davis, N., "Comparison of ray tracing and measurement results for 5 GHz band wireless channels," M.Sc. Thesis, 2009.