Vol. 97
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERC 142 [2024] PIERC 141 [2024] PIERC 140 [2024] PIERC 139 [2024] PIERC 138 [2023] PIERC 137 [2023] PIERC 136 [2023] PIERC 135 [2023] PIERC 134 [2023] PIERC 133 [2023] PIERC 132 [2023] PIERC 131 [2023] PIERC 130 [2023] PIERC 129 [2023] PIERC 128 [2023] PIERC 127 [2022] PIERC 126 [2022] PIERC 125 [2022] PIERC 124 [2022] PIERC 123 [2022] PIERC 122 [2022] PIERC 121 [2022] PIERC 120 [2022] PIERC 119 [2022] PIERC 118 [2022] PIERC 117 [2021] PIERC 116 [2021] PIERC 115 [2021] PIERC 114 [2021] PIERC 113 [2021] PIERC 112 [2021] PIERC 111 [2021] PIERC 110 [2021] PIERC 109 [2021] PIERC 108 [2021] PIERC 107 [2021] PIERC 106 [2020] PIERC 105 [2020] PIERC 104 [2020] PIERC 103 [2020] PIERC 102 [2020] PIERC 101 [2020] PIERC 100 [2020] PIERC 99 [2020] PIERC 98 [2020] PIERC 97 [2019] PIERC 96 [2019] PIERC 95 [2019] PIERC 94 [2019] PIERC 93 [2019] PIERC 92 [2019] PIERC 91 [2019] PIERC 90 [2019] PIERC 89 [2019] PIERC 88 [2018] PIERC 87 [2018] PIERC 86 [2018] PIERC 85 [2018] PIERC 84 [2018] PIERC 83 [2018] PIERC 82 [2018] PIERC 81 [2018] PIERC 80 [2018] PIERC 79 [2017] PIERC 78 [2017] PIERC 77 [2017] PIERC 76 [2017] PIERC 75 [2017] PIERC 74 [2017] PIERC 73 [2017] PIERC 72 [2017] PIERC 71 [2017] PIERC 70 [2016] PIERC 69 [2016] PIERC 68 [2016] PIERC 67 [2016] PIERC 66 [2016] PIERC 65 [2016] PIERC 64 [2016] PIERC 63 [2016] PIERC 62 [2016] PIERC 61 [2016] PIERC 60 [2015] PIERC 59 [2015] PIERC 58 [2015] PIERC 57 [2015] PIERC 56 [2015] PIERC 55 [2014] PIERC 54 [2014] PIERC 53 [2014] PIERC 52 [2014] PIERC 51 [2014] PIERC 50 [2014] PIERC 49 [2014] PIERC 48 [2014] PIERC 47 [2014] PIERC 46 [2014] PIERC 45 [2013] PIERC 44 [2013] PIERC 43 [2013] PIERC 42 [2013] PIERC 41 [2013] PIERC 40 [2013] PIERC 39 [2013] PIERC 38 [2013] PIERC 37 [2013] PIERC 36 [2013] PIERC 35 [2013] PIERC 34 [2013] PIERC 33 [2012] PIERC 32 [2012] PIERC 31 [2012] PIERC 30 [2012] PIERC 29 [2012] PIERC 28 [2012] PIERC 27 [2012] PIERC 26 [2012] PIERC 25 [2012] PIERC 24 [2011] PIERC 23 [2011] PIERC 22 [2011] PIERC 21 [2011] PIERC 20 [2011] PIERC 19 [2011] PIERC 18 [2011] PIERC 17 [2010] PIERC 16 [2010] PIERC 15 [2010] PIERC 14 [2010] PIERC 13 [2010] PIERC 12 [2010] PIERC 11 [2009] PIERC 10 [2009] PIERC 9 [2009] PIERC 8 [2009] PIERC 7 [2009] PIERC 6 [2009] PIERC 5 [2008] PIERC 4 [2008] PIERC 3 [2008] PIERC 2 [2008] PIERC 1 [2008]
2019-12-12
Characteristic Mode Analysis of Wideband Microstrip Antenna
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 97, 201-212, 2019
Abstract
In this paper, a wideband antenna is designed systematically based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The antenna consists of a rectangle, a semi-annular ring, and a microstrip line. The radiating behavior and resonant frequencies of the radiating element are analyzed by using first four characteristic modes. First two modes only have wideband behavior and are excited by CPW feeding technique. The proposed antenna is printed on a low cost FR4 substrate with a size of 35x50x1.6 mm3 and impedance bandwidth ranging from 1.6 to 3.8 GHz for the applications of GSM, DCS, LTE, and WIMAX. To validate the proposed approach, the wideband antenna is fabricated and tested. A wide impedance bandwidth of 81% with |S11| < -10 dB is achieved for both simulation and measurement results.
Citation
Bhaskara Rao Perli, and Avula Maheswara Rao, "Characteristic Mode Analysis of Wideband Microstrip Antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 97, 201-212, 2019.
doi:10.2528/PIERC19091401
References

1. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 2005.

2. Rumsey, V., "Frequency independent antennas," IRE International Convention Record, Vol. 5, 114-118, 1957.
doi:10.1109/IRECON.1957.1150565

3. DuHamel, R. and F. Ore, "Logarithmically periodic antenna designs," IRE International Convention Record, Vol. 6, 139-151, IEEE, 1958.
doi:10.1109/IRECON.1958.1150707

4. Dyson, J., "The characteristics and design of the conical log spiral antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 13, No. 4, 488-499, Apr. 1965.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1965.1138471

5. Sharma, S. K., L. Shafai, and N. Jacob, "Investigation of wide-band microstrip slot antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 3, 865-872, Mar. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.825191

6. Garbacz, R., "Modal expansions for resonance scattering and phenomena," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 53, 856-864, Aug. 1965.
doi:10.1109/PROC.1965.4064

7. Khan, M. and D. Chatterjee, "Characteristic mode analysis of a class of empirical design techniques for probe-fed, U-slot microstrip patch antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 7, 2758-2770, Jul. 2016.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2556705

8. Mohamed-Hicho, N. M., E. Antonino-Daviu, M. Cabedo-Fabrés, and M. Ferrando-Bataller, "Designing slot antennas in finite platforms using characteristic modes," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 41346-41355, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2847726

9. Antonino-Daviu, E., M. Cabedo-Fabrés, M. Sonkki, N. M. Mohamed-Hicho, and M. Ferrando-Bataller, "Design guidelines for the excitation of characteristic modes in slotted planar structures," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 12, 5020-5029, Dec. 2016.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2618478

10. Khan, M. and D. Chatterjee, "Analysis of reactive loading in a U-slot microstrip patch using the theory of characteristic modes," IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine, Vol. 60, No. 6, 88-97, Dec. 2018.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2018.2870653

11. Ghalib, A., R. Hussain, and M. S. Sharawi, "Analysis of slot-based radiators using TCM and its application in MIMO antennas," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, e21544, 2018.

12. Li, K. and Y. Shi, "A pattern reconfigurable MIMO antenna design using characteristic modes," IEEE Access, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2863250.

13. Won, J., S. Jeon, and S. Nam, "Identifying the appropriate position on the ground plane for MIMO antennas using characteristic mode analysis ," Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, Vol. 16, No. 2, 119-125, Apr. 2016.
doi:10.5515/JKIEES.2016.16.2.119

14. Antonino-Daviu, E., M. Cabedo-Fabrés, M. Ferrando-Bataller, and M. Gallo, "Design of a multimode MIMO antenna using the theory of characteristic modes," Radio Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 4, 425-430, Dec. 2009.

15. Zhang, Q., Q. Zhang, and Y. Gao, "Design of a multi-mode UWB antenna using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 7, 3712-3717, Jul. 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2835370

16. Zhang, Q. and Y. Gao, "Compact low-profile UWB antenna with characteristic mode analysis for UHF TV white space devices," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 11, No. 11, 1629-1635, 2017.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2016.0993

17. Wu, W. and Y. P. Zhang, "Analysis of ultra-wideband printed planar quasi-monopole antennas using the theory of characteristic modes ," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 6, 67-77, Dec. 2010.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2010.5723225

18. Ma, R., T.-Y. Shih, R. Lian, and N. Behdad, "Design of bandwidth-enhanced, platform-mounted, electrically-small VHF antennas using the characteristic-mode theory," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 12, 2384-2388, Dec. 2018.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2018.2876039

19. Wang, C., Y. Chen, and S. Yang, "Application of characteristic mode theory in HF band aircraft-integrated multi-antenna system design," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 1, 513-521, Jan. 2019.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2874800

20. Li, M. and N. Behdad, "Design of a dual-band platform-mounted HF/VHF antenna using the characteristic modes theory," 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP) , 3461-3463, 2017.
doi:10.23919/EuCAP.2017.7928381

21. Chen, Y. and C.-F. Wang, "Electrically small UAV antenna design using characteristic modes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 2, 535-545, Feb. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2289999

22. Li, T. and Z. N. Chen, "Metasurface-based shared-aperture 5G S/K-band antenna using characteristic modes analysis," IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 12, 6742-6750, 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2869220

23. Santillán-Haro, D., E. A. Daviu, D. S. Escuderos, and M. F. Bataller, "Analysis and design of a metamaterial lens antenna using the theory of characteristic modes," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2018, Article ID 6329531, 8 pages, 2018.

24. Li, T. and Z. N. Chen, "A dual-band metasurface antenna using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 10, 5620-5624, Oct. 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2860121

25. Lin, F. H. and Z. N. Chen, "Truncated impedance-sheet model for low-profile broadband non-resonant-cell metasurface antennas using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 10, 5043-5051, Oct. 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2854366

26. Lin, F. H. and Z. N. Chen, "A method of suppressing higher order modes for improving radiation performance of metasurface multiport antennas using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 4, 1894-1902, Apr. 2018.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2018.2806401

27. Saraswat, K. and A. R. Harish, "Analysis of wideband circularly polarized ring slot antenna using characteristics mode for bandwidth enhancement," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, e21186, 2017.

28. Wen, D., Y. Hao, H. Wang, and H. Zhou, "Design of a wideband antenna with stable omnidirectional radiation pattern using the theory of characteristic modes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 5, 2671-2676, May 2017.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2679767

29. Wang, C., Y. Chen, and S. Yang, "Bandwidth enhancement of a dual-polarized slot antenna using characteristic mode," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 6, 988-992, Jun. 2018.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2018.2828881

30. Wen, D., Y. Hao, H. Wang, and H. Zhou, "Design of a wideband antenna by manipulating characteristic modes of a metallic loop," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 1-6, 2018.

31. Lin, F. H. and Z. N. Chen, "Low-profile wideband metasurface antennas using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 4, 1706-1713, Apr. 2017.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2017.2671036

32. Liang, Z., J. Ouyang, and F. Yang, "Design and characteristic mode analysis of a low-profile wideband patch antenna using metasurface," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 32, No. 17, 2304-2313, 2018.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2018.1507843

33. Yang, X., Y. Lin, and S.-X. Gong, "Design of wideband omnidirectional antenna with characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 6, 993-997, Jun. 2018.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2018.2828883

34. Zhao, C. and C.-F. Wang, "Characteristic mode design of wide band circularly polarized patch antenna consisting of H-shaped unit cells," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 25292-25299, Apr. 20, 2018.

35. Garbacz, R. J. and R. H. Turpin, "A generalized expansion for radiated and scattered fields," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 19, No. 3, 348-358, Mar. 1971.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1971.1139935

36. Harrington, R. F. and J. R. Mautz, "The theory of characteristic modes for conducting bodies," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 19, No. 5, 622-628, May 1971.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1971.1139999

37. Harrington, R. F. and J. R. Mautz, "Computation of characteristic modes for conducting bodies," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 19, No. 5, 629-639, May 1971.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1971.1139990

38. Cabedo-Fabres, M., E. Antonino-Daviu, A. Valero-Nogueira, and M. F. Bataller, "The theory of characteristic modes revisited: A contribution to the design of antennas for modern applications," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 5, 52-68, Oct. 2007.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2007.4395295

39. Lau, B. K., D. Manteuffel, H. Arai, and S. V. Hum, "Guest editorial theory and applications of characteristic modes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 7, 2590-2594, Jul. 2016.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2579668

40. Vogel, M., G. Gampala, D. Ludick, U. Jakobus, and C. J. Reddy, "Characteristic mode analysis: Putting physics back into simulation," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 57, No. 2, 307-317, Apr. 2015.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2015.2414670

41. Li, W., Y. Liu, J. Li, L. Ye, and Q. H. Liu, "Modal proportion analysis in antenna characteristic mode theory," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2019, Article ID 7069230, 10 pages, 2019.

42. Strang, G., "Linear algebra and its applications," Cengage Learning, 2006.

43. Koliha, J. J., "Block diagonalization," Mathematica Bohemica, Vol. 126, No. 1, 237-246, 2001.