Vol. 75
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2007-06-22
A New Ray-Tracing Based Wave Propagation Model Including Rough Surfaces Scattering
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 75, 357-381, 2007
Abstract
This paper presents a complete ray-tracing based model which takes into account scattering from rough surfaces in indoor environments. The proposed model relies on a combination between computer graphics and radar techniques. The paths between the transmitter and the receiver are found thanks to a Bi-Directional Path-Tracing algorithm, and the scattering field after each interaction between the electromagnetic wave and the environment is computed according to the Kirchhoff Approximation. This propagation model is implemented as a plug-in in an existing full 3-D ray-tracing software. Thus, we compare the results of classical ray-tracing with those of our model to study the influence of the scattering phenomenon on the wave propagation in typical indoor environments.
Citation
Yann Cocheril, and Rodolphe Vauzelle, "A New Ray-Tracing Based Wave Propagation Model Including Rough Surfaces Scattering," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 75, 357-381, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07061202
References

1. Breto, R. and A. Monorchio, "Time-domain hybrid methods to solve complex electromagnetic problems," EMC Congress, 2003.

2. Maystre, D., "Electromagnetic scattering by a set of objects: an integral method based on scattering operator," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 57, 55-84, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05040901

3. Al Sharkawy, M. H., V. Demir, and A. Z. Elsherbeni, "The iterative multi-region algorithm using a hybrid finite difference frequency domain and method of moment techniques," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 57, 19-32, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05071001

4. Wang, S., X. Guan, D.Wang, X. Ma, and Y. Su, "Electromagnetic scattering by mixed conducting/dielectric objects using higherorder MoM," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 66, 51-63, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06092101

5. Mouysset, V., P. A. Mazet, and P. Borderies, "Efficient treatment of 3d time-domain electromagnetic scattering scenes by disjointing sub-domains and with consistent approximations," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 71, 41-57, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07013005

6. Deschamps, G. A., "Ray techniques in electromagnetics," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 60, No. 9, 1022-1035, 1972.

7. Balanis, C. A., Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, John Wiley and Sons, 1989.

8. Keller, J. B., "Geometrical theory of diffraction," J. Opt. Soc. Am., Vol. 52, No. 2, 116-130, 1962.

9. Kouyoumjian, R. G. and P. H. Pathak, "A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a perfectly conducting surface," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 62, No. 11, 1448-1461, 1974.

10. Beckmann, P. and A. Spizzichino, The Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from Rough Surfaces, Pergamon, 1963.

11. Ament, W. S., "Toward a theory of reflection by a rough surface," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 41, No. 1, 142-146, 1953.

12. Boithias, L., Radio Wave Propagation, McGraw-Hill, 1987.

13. Anderson, H. R., "A second generation 3-D ray-tracing model using rough surface scattering," VTC '1996 Proceedings, Vol. 1, No. 5, 46-50, 1996.

14. Ng, K. H.E. K. Tameh, and A. R. Nix, "A new hybrid geometrical optics and radiance based scattering model for raytracing applications," ICC '2005 Proceedings, Vol. 4, No. 5, 2168-2172, 2005.

15. Oren, M. and S. K. Nayar, "Generalization of the Lambertian model and implications for machine vision," International Journal of Computer Vision, Vol. 14, No. 3, 227-251, 1995.
doi:10.1007/BF01679684

16. Didascalou, D., M. Dottling, N. Geng, and W. Wiesbeck, "An approach to include stochastic rough surface scattering into deterministic ray-optical wave propagation modeling," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 51, No. 7, 1508-1515, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.813600

17. Lafortune, E. P. and Y. D. Willems, "Bi-directional path tracing," SIGGRAPH '1993 Proceedings, No. 12, 145-153, 1993.

18. Ogilvy, J. A., Theory of Wave Scattering from Random Rough Surfaces, Institute of Physics Publishing, 1991.

19. Ulaby, F. T., R. K. Moore, and A. K. Fung, Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive, Vol. II: Radar Remote Sensing and Surface Scattering and Emission Theory, Vol. II: Radar Remote Sensing and Surface Scattering and Emission Theory, Artech House, 1986.

20. Edgeworth, F. Y., On the Representation of Statistical Frequency by a Series, JRSS, 1907.

21. Longuet-Higgins, M. S., "The effect of non-linearities on statistical distributions in the theory of sea waves," J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 17, 459-480, 1963.
doi:10.1017/S0022112063001452

22. Cocheril, Y.R. Vauzelle, and L. Aveneau, "3-D channel simulations including scattering from non-Gaussian rough surfaces," VTC '2006 Proceedings, No. 9, 1-5, 2006.

23. Chakravarti, I. M., R. G. Laha, and J. Roy, Handbook of Methods of Applied Statistics, Vol. 1, Vol. 1, John Wiley and Sons, 1967.

24. Appel, A., "Some techniques for shading machine renderings of solids," in AFIPS 1968 Spring Joint Computer Conf., Vol. 32, 37-45, 1968.

25. Kajiya, J. T., "The rendering equation," Computer Graphics, Vol. 20, No. 4, 143-150, 1986.
doi:10.1145/15886.15902

26. Goral, C. M.K. E. Torrance, D. P. Greenberg, and B. Battaile, "Modelling the interaction of light between diffuse surfaces," SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings, Vol. 18, No. 7, 212-222, 1984.

27. Whitted, T., "An improved illumination model for shaded display," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 23, No. 6, 343-349, 1980.
doi:10.1145/358876.358882

28. Jensen, H. W. and N. J. Christensen, "Photon maps in bi-directional Monte-Carlo Ray-Tracing of complex objects," Computers and Graphics, Vol. 19, No. 2, 215-224, 1995.
doi:10.1016/0097-8493(94)00145-O

29. Hammersley, J. M. and D. C. Handscomb, Monte-Carlo Methods, Chapman and Hall, 1964.

30. Cocheril, Y.S. Reynaud, and R. Vauzelle, "Comparison between two original methods including scattering in 3D channel simulations," ECWT '2006 Proceedings, No. 9, 2006.

31. Lafortune, E. P., "Mathematical models and Monte-Carlo algorithms for physically based rendering," Ph.D. Dissertation, 1996.

32. Pousset, Y., R. Vauzelle, L. Aveneau, and M. Meriaux, "Characterization of the mobile channel by a 3-D UTD propagation model," PSIP '2001, No. 1, 3, 2001.