Vol. 116
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2011-05-09
RF Directional Modulation Technique Using a Switched Antenna Array for Physical Layer Secure Communication Applications
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 116, 363-379, 2011
Abstract
In this paper, we present a RF directional modulation technique using a switched antenna array for physical layer secure communication. The main idea is that a switching scheme of the switched antenna array is designed according to a spreading sequence for the purpose of spreading spectrum of the transmit signal. The transmit signal is associated with the spreading sequence and the direction of the desired receiver because of information data modulated both in the baseband and the antenna level. In this way, the desired receiver with a single antenna can demodulate the receive signal as traditional spread-spectrum signal, while eavesdroppers can not extract any useful information from the receive signal even if eavesdroppers know the spreading sequence of the RF directional modulation signal. Simulation results show that the proposed technique offers a more secure transmission method for wireless communication comparison with traditional spread-spectrum signal.
Citation
Tao Hong, Maozhong Song, and Yu Liu, "RF Directional Modulation Technique Using a Switched Antenna Array for Physical Layer Secure Communication Applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 116, 363-379, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11031605
References

1. Daly, M. P. and J. T. Bernhard, "Directional modulation technique for phased arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 9, 2633-2640, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2027047

2. Daly, M. P., E. L. Daly, and J. T. Bernhard, "Demonstration of directional modulation using a phased array," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 5, 1545-1550, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2044357

3. Daly, M. P. and J. T. Bernhard, "Beamsteering in pattern reconfigurable arrays using directional modulation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 7, 2259-2265, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2046854

4. Babakhani, A., D. B. Rutledge, and A. Hajimiri, "Transmitter architectures based on near-field direct antenna modulation," IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, Vol. 43, No. 12, 2674-2692, 2008.
doi:10.1109/JSSC.2008.2004864

5. Hubenko, V. P., R. A. Raines, R. F. Mills, R. O. Baldwin, B. E. Mullins, and M. R. Grimaila, "Improving the global information grid's performance through satellite communications layer enhancements," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 11, 66-72, 2006.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2006.248167

6. Debbah, M., E. Hesham, P. H. Vincent, and S. Shlomo, "Editorial: Wireless physical layer security," Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol. 2009, 2009.

7. Khisti, A. and G. W. Wornell, "Secure transmission with multiple antennas I: The MISOME wiretap channel," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 56, No. 7, 3088-3104, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TIT.2010.2048445

8. Khisti, A. and G. W. Wornell, "Secure transmission with multiple antennas --- Part II: The MIMOME wiretap channel," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 56, No. 11, 5515-5532, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TIT.2010.2068852

9. Hero III, A. O., "Secure space-time communication," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 49, No. 12, 3235-3249, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TIT.2003.820010

10. Kim, H. and J. D. Villasenor, "Secure MIMO communications in a system with equal numbers of transmit and receive antennas," IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 12, No. 5, 386-388, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LCOMM.2008.080077

11. Csiszar, I. and J. Korner, "Broadcast channels with confidential messages," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 24, No. 3, 339-348, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TIT.1978.1055892

12. Krikidis, I., J. Thompson, and S. Mclaughlin, "Relay selection for secure cooperative networks with jamming," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 8, No. 10, 5003-5011, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TWC.2009.090323

13. Dong, L., Z. Han, A. P. Petropulu, and H. V. Poor, "Improving wireless physical layer security via cooperating relays," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 58, No. 3, 1875-1888, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2009.2038412

14. Simeone, O. and P. Popovski, "Secure communications via cooperating base stations," IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 12, No. 3, 188-190, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LCOMM.2008.071836

15. Li, Z. and X.-G. Xia, "A distributed di®erentially encoded OFDM scheme for asynchronous cooperative systems with low probability of interception ," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 8, No. 7, 3372-3379, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TWC.2009.080365

16. Ma, R., L. Dai, Z. Wang, and J. Wang, "Secure communication in TDS-OFDM system using constellation rotation and noise insertion ," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 3, 1328-1332, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TCE.2010.5606266

17. Li, X.-H. and J. Hwu, "Using antenna array redundancy and channel diversity for secure wireless transmissions," Journal of Communications, Vol. 2, No. 3, 24-32, 2007.
doi:10.4304/jcm.2.3.24-32

18. Hong, T., M.-Z. Song, and Y. Liu, "Directional sensitive modulation signal transmitted by monopulse cassegrain antenna for physical layer secure communication," Progress In Electromagnet ics Research M, Vol. 17, 167-181, 2011.

19. Jing, T., S. Qiao, Z.-G. Shi, L. Peng, J. Huangfu, W.-Z. Cui, W. Ma, and L.-X. Ran, "Simulation and experimental evaluation of the radar signal performance of chaotic signals generated from a microwave colpitts oscillator ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 90, 15-30, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER08120104

20. Chou, H.-T., K.-L. Hung, and C.-Y. Chen, "Utilization of a Yagi antenna director array to synthesize a shaped radiation pattern for optimum coverage in wireless communications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 7, 851-861, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309788355298

21. Kazemi, S., F. Keshmiri, and H. R. Hassani, "Amplitude distribution synthesize of unequally spaced arrays," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 8-9, 987-997, 2009.

22. He, Q.-Q., H.-D. He, and H. Lan, "An efficient pattern synthesis method for cylindrical phased array antennas," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 4, 473-482, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309787612329

23. Lim, S.-H., J.-H. Han, S.-Y. Kim, and N.-H. Myung, "Azimuth beam pattern synthesis for airborne SAR system optimization," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 106, 295-309, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10061901

24. Shanks, H. E. and R. W. Bickmore, "Four-dimensional electromagnetic radiators," Canad. J. Phys., Vol. 37, 263-275, Mar. 1959.
doi:10.1139/p59-031

25. Yang, S., Y. B. Gan, and P. K. Tan, "A new technique for power-pattern synthesis in time-modulated linear arrays," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., Vol. 2, 285-287, 2003.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2003.821556

26. Li, G., S. Yang, M. Huang, and Z. Nie, "Sidelobe suppression in time modulated linear arrays with unequal element spacing," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 5-6, 775-783, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791036368

27. Yang, S., Y. Chen, and Z.-P. Nie, "Simulation of time modulated linear antenna arrays using the FDTD method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 98, 175-190, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09092507

28. Pal, S., S. Das, and A. Basak, "Design of time-modulated linear arrays with a multi-objective optimization approach," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 23, 83-107, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERB10052401

29. Li, G., S. Yang, and Z. Nie, "A study on the application of time modulated antenna arrays to airborne pulsed Doppler radar," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 5, 1578-1582, May 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2016788

30. Li, G., S. Yang, and Z. Nie, "Direction of arrival estimation in time modulated linear arrays with unidirectional phase center motion," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 4, 1105-1111, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2041313

31. Fredrick, J. D., W. Yuanxun, J. Seong-Sik, and T. Itoh, "A smart antenna receiver array using a single rf channel and digital beamforming," 2002 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 1, 311-314, 2002.

32. Bregains, J. C., J. Fondevila-Gomez, G. Franceschetti, and F. Ares, "Signal radiation and power losses of time-modulated arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 6, 1799-1804, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.923345

33. Yang, S., Y. B. Gan, and A. Qing, "Sideband suppression in time-modulated linear arrays by the differential evolution algorithm," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., Vol. 1, 173-175, 2002.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2002.807789

34. Rocca, P., L. Poli, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Synthesis of time-modulated planar arrays with controlled harmonic radiations," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 5-6, 827-838, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791036304

35. Tennant, A. and B. Chambers, "A two-element time-modulated array with direction-finding properties," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 6, 64-65, 2007.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2007.891953

36. Li, G., S. Yang, Y. Chen, and Z.-P. Nie, "A novel electronic beam steering technique in time modulated antenna array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 97, 391-405, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09072602

37. Dimousios, T. D., C. D. Nikolopoulos, S. A. Mitilineos, and C. N. Capsalis, "A new low-profile and cost SPA-PIFA for mobile 2.4 GHz ISM applications ," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 7, 881-891, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791285272

38. Viani, F., L. Lizzi, M. Donelli, D. Pregnolato, G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Exploitation of parasitic smart antennas in wireless sensor networks," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 7, 993-1003, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791285227

39. Soltani, S., M. N. Azarmanesh, E. Valikhanloo, and P. Lotfi, "Design of a simple single-feed dual-orthogonal-linearly-polarized slot antenna for concurrent 3.5 GHz WIMAX and 5GHZ WLAN access point," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 13, 1741-1750, 2010.