Search search
submit Submit
Publication Date
to
Vol. 121
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
All Journals
PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters
2011-10-24
Investigation of the Characteristics of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) Dielectric Resonator Ceramic Loaded on Array Antennas
By
Fwen Hoon Wee,

    Dr. Fwen Hoon Wee

    School of Computer and Communication Engineering

    University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Mohd Fareq Bin Abd Malek,

    Dr. Mohd Fareq Bin Abd Malek

    School of Computer and Communication Engineering

    Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Srimala Sreekantan,

    Dr. Srimala Sreekantan

    School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

    Universiti Sains Malaysia

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Azlan Umar Al-Amani,

    Dr. Azlan Umar Al-Amani

    Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Farid Ghani,

    Dr. Farid Ghani

    School of Computer and Communication Engineering

    Universiti Malays ia Perlis

    Malaysia

    Homepage

You Kok Yeow

    Dr. You Kok Yeow

    Communication Engineering Department, Faculty Electrical E

    University Teknologi Malaysia

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 121, 181-213, 2011
doi:10.2528/PIER11080815
Abstract
We investigated a dielectric resonator ceramic microstrip patch antenna. The antenna was formed using barium strontium titanate (BST), which has a dielectric constant of 15. A new approach, i.e., the use of a high temperature dielectric probe kit, was used to determine the dielectric constant of BST. A computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio was used to simulate the BST array antennas, taking into consideration the dielectric constant. We also measured the gain of the antennas loaded with two-, four-, and six-element arrays of the BST antenna and found that the gain of a six-element BST array antenna was enhanced by a gain of about 1.6 dB over the four-element BST array antenna at 2.3 GHz. The impedance bandwidths of these BST array antennas for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2 were in the application ranges, i.e., 2.30 to 2.50 GHz, established for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). Compared with the conventional array antenna with the same aperture size, the performance of the antenna obviously was improved, and the design is suitable for array applications, including base stations, for example.
Citation
Fwen Hoon Wee, Mohd Fareq Bin Abd Malek, Srimala Sreekantan, Azlan Umar Al-Amani, Farid Ghani, and You Kok Yeow, "Investigation of the Characteristics of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) Dielectric Resonator Ceramic Loaded on Array Antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 121, 181-213, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11080815
References

1. Al-Zoubi, A. S., A. A. Kishk, and A. W. Glisson, "Analysis and design of a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna fed by dielectric image line through narrow slots," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 77, 379-390, 2007.

2. Ain, M. F., S. I. S. Hassan, J. S. Mandeep, M. A. Othman, B. M. Nawang, S. Sreekantan, D. Hutagalung, and A. Z. Ahmad, "2.5 GHz BaTIO3 dielectric resonator antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 201-210, 2007.

3. Fayad, H. and P. Record, "Multi-feed dielectric resonator antenna with reconfigurable radiation pattern," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 76, 341-356, 2007.

4. Zandi, O., Z. Atlasbaf, and K. Forooraghi, "Flat multilayer dielectric reflector antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 72, 1-19, 2007.

5. Zainud-Deen, S. H., H. A. Malhat, and K. H. Awadalla, "A single feed cylindrical superquadric dielectric resonator antenna for circular polarization," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 85, 409-424, 2008.

6. Long, S. A., M. W. McAllister, and L. C. Shen, "The resonant cylindrical dielectric cavity antenna," IEEE Trans. Antenna Propagate, Vol. 31, 406-421, May 1983.

7. Tikhonov, V. V., D. A. Boyarskii, O. N. Polyakova, A. L. Dzardanov, and G. N. Goltsman, "Radiophysical and dielectric properties of ore minerals in 12{145 GHz frequency range," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 25, 349-367, 2010.

8. Tadjalli, A., A. Sebak, and T. Denidni, "Resonance frequencies and far field patterns of elliptical dielectric resonator antenna: Analytical approach," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 64, 81-98, 2006.

9. Ahmed, O. M. H., A. R. Sebak, and T. Denidni, "Size reduction and bandwidth enhancement of a UWB hybrid dielectric resonator antenna for short range wireless communication ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 19, 19-30, 2010.

10. Hasar, U. C., "Unique permittivity determination of low-loss dielectric materials from transmission measurements at microwave frequencies," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 107, 31-46, 2010.

11. Li, E., Z.-P. Nie, G. Guo, Q. Zhang, Z. Li, and F. He, "Broadband measurements of dielectric properties of low-loss materials at high temperatures using circular cavity method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 92, 103-120, 2009.

12. Hasar, U. C. and O. Simsek, "An accurate complex permittivity method for thin dielectric materials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 91, 123-138, 2009.

13. Jamaluddin, M. H., R. Sauleau, X. Castel, R. Benzerga, L. Le Coq, R. Gillard, and T. Koleck, "Design, fabrication and characterization of a dielectric resonator antenna reflect array in ka-band," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 25, 261-275, 2010.

14. Zhai, J. W., X. Yao, and X. G. Cheng, "Direct-current field dependence of dielectric properties in B2O3-SiO2 glass doped Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 ceramic," J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 37, 3739-3745, 2002.

15. Wei, X. Y. and X. Yao, "Nonlinear dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate ceramics," Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 99, No. 1-3, 74-78, May 25, 2003.

16. Song, Y. and A. R. Sebak, "Radiation pattern of aperture coupled prolate hemispheroidal dielectric resonator antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 28, 115-133, 2006.

17. Sreekantan, S., A. F. M. Noor, Z. A. Ahmad, R. Othman, and A. West, "Structural and electrical characteristics of crystalline barium titanate synthesized by low temperature aqueous method," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 195, No. 1-3, 171-177, 2008.

18. Brankovic, G., Z. Brankovic, M. Goes, C. Paiva-Santos, M. Cilense, J. Varela, and E. Longo, "Barium strontium titanate powders prepared by spray pyrolysis," Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 122, No. 2, 140-144, 2005.

19. Aman, Y., V. Garnier, and E. Djurado, "Influence of green state processes on the sintering behaviour and the subsequent optical properties of spark plasma sintered alumina," Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 29, No. 16, 3363-3370, 2009.

20. Yang, Z., R. Gu, L. Wei, and H. Ren, "Phase formation, microstructure and dielectric properties of Sr 0.53Ba0.47Nb2-xTaxO6 ceramics," Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 504, No. 1, 211-216, 2010.

21. Gervais, C., D. Veautier, M. E. Smith, F. Babonneau, P. Belleville, and C. Sanchez, "Solid state 47, 49Ti, 87Sr and 137Ba NMR characterisation of mixed barium/strontium titanate perovskites," Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 26, No. 3-4, 147-152, 2004.

22. Wang, X. H., R. Z. Chen, Z. L. Gui, and L. T. Li, "The grain size e®ect on dielectric properties of BaTiO3 based ceramics," Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 99, 199, 2003.

23. Huang, X.-D., X.-H. Jin, and C.-H. Cheng, "Novel impedance matching scheme for patch antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 14, 155-163, 2010.

24. De Flaviis, F., N. G. Alexopoulos, and O. M. Stafosudd, "Plarlar microwave integrated phased shifter design with high purity ferroelectric material," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 45, 963-969, 1997.

25. Saed, M. and R. Yadla, "Microstrip-fed low profile and compact dielectric resonator antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 56, 151-162, 2006.

26. Sangiovanni, A., J. Y. Dauvignac, and C. Pichot, "Stacked dielectric resonator antenna for multifrequency operation," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 18, 303-306, Jul. 1998.

27. Rao, Q., T. A. Denidni, A. R. Sebak, and R. H. Johnston, "On improving impedance matching of a CPW fed low permittivity dielectric resonator antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 53, 21-29, 2005.

28. Kishk, A. A. and A. W. Glisson, "Bandwidth enhancement for split cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 33, 97-118, 2001.

29. Wu, J. Y., C. Y. Huang, and K. L. Wong, "Low-profile, very high permittivity dielectric resonator antenna excited by a coplanar waveguide ," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 22, 96-97, Jan. 1, 1999.

30. Qian, Z. H., K. W. Leung, and R. S. Chen, "Analysis of circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna excited by a spiral slot," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 47, 111-121, 2004.

31. Biancotto, C. and P. Record, "Dielectric EBG corner reflector antenna," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 14-15, 2107-2118, 2010.

32. Wang, Z., P. Li, R. Xu, and W. Lin, "A compact X-band receiver front-end module based on low temperature co-fired ceramic technology," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 92, 167-180, 2009.

33. Weng, C. C., C. F. Chang, and S. J. Chung, "Development of a compact low-temperature co-fired ceramic antenna front-end module ," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 56, No. 11, 2483-2492, Nov. 2008.

34. Karonis, G. J., D. I. Kaklamani, and N. K. Uzunoglu, "Accurate analysis of a cylindrical dielectric resonator mounted on a grounded dielectric substrate," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 23, 187-219, 1999.

35. Atenlab Corporation, Microwave Product Measurement Description, http://www.atenlab.com.tw/.

36. FCC Rules for Unlicensed Wireless Equipment Operating in the ISM Bands, http://www.wisp-router.com/page.php?11 .

37. Li, X., L. Yang, S.-X. Gong, and Y.-J. Yang, "Bidirectional high gain antenna for WLAN applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 6, 99-106, 2009.

38. Van Bladel, J., "On the resonances of a dielectric resonator of very high permittivity," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 23, 199-208, 1975.

39. Zhou, S.-G., J.-L. Guo, Y.-H. Huang, and Q.-Z. Liu, "Wideband and omni-directional for antenna and DVB/GSM applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 16, 2143-2151, 2009.

40. Kong, J. A., Electromagnetic Wave Theory, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986.

41. Kajfez, D. and P. Guillon, Dielectric Resonators, Artech House, Norwood, MA, 1986.

42. Wang, J. Y., X. Yao, and L. Y. Zhang, "Preparation and dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate glass-ceramics sintered from sol-gel derived powders ,", Vol. 30, No. 7, 1749-1752, 2004.

43. Marcatili, E. A. J., "Dielectric rectangular waveguide and directional couplers for integrated optics," Bell Syst. Tech. J., Vol. 48, 2071-2102, 1969.

44. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., Wiley, 2005.

45. Gangwar, R. K., S. P. Singh, and D. Kumar, "A modified fractal rectangular curve dielectric resonator antenna for WiMAX application ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 12, 37-51, 2010.

46. Zainud-Deen, S. H., S. I. El-Doda, K. H. Awadalla, and H. A. Sharshar, "The relation between lumped-element circuit model for cylindrical dielectric resonator and antenna parameters using MBPE," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 1, 79-93, 2008.

47. Hashim, A. M., "Development of microstrip patch array antenna wireless local area network (WLAN)," ETRI Journal, Vol. 35, No. 5, Oct. 2010.

48. Zubir, F., M. K. A. Rahim, O. B. Ayop, and H. A. Majid, "Design and analysis of microstrip reflect array antenna with Minkowski shape radiating element," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 24, 317-331, 2010.

49. Sreekantan, S., Y. K. Ling, Z. A. Ahmad, M. F. Ain, M. B. Othman, and S. I. S. Hassan, "Simulation and experimental nvestigations on rectangular, circular and cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 7, 151-166, 2009.

50. Tze-Meng, O., K. G. Tan, and A. W. Reza, "A dual-band omni-directional microstrip antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 106, 363-376, 2010.

51. Mazinani, S. M. and H. R. Hassani, "A novel omnidirectional broadband planar monopole antenna with various loading plate shapes," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 97, 241-257, 2009.

52. Farahat, A. E., K. F. A. Hussein, and N. M. El-Minyawi, "Finite length omni-directional cylindrical spatial filters," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 24, 79-101, 2010.

53. Xie, H.-H., Y.-C. Jiao, L.-N. Chen, and F.-S. Zhang, "Omnidirectional horizontally polarized antenna with EBG cavity for gain enhancement," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 15, 79-87, 2010.

Download Full Article (295) View Full Article volume
The EM Academy piers.org jpier.org Who's Who in EM
Copyright © 2022 The Electromagnetics Academy. All Rights Reserved.