Vol. 8
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERB 105 [2024] PIERB 104 [2024] PIERB 103 [2023] PIERB 102 [2023] PIERB 101 [2023] PIERB 100 [2023] PIERB 99 [2023] PIERB 98 [2023] PIERB 97 [2022] PIERB 96 [2022] PIERB 95 [2022] PIERB 94 [2021] PIERB 93 [2021] PIERB 92 [2021] PIERB 91 [2021] PIERB 90 [2021] PIERB 89 [2020] PIERB 88 [2020] PIERB 87 [2020] PIERB 86 [2020] PIERB 85 [2019] PIERB 84 [2019] PIERB 83 [2019] PIERB 82 [2018] PIERB 81 [2018] PIERB 80 [2018] PIERB 79 [2017] PIERB 78 [2017] PIERB 77 [2017] PIERB 76 [2017] PIERB 75 [2017] PIERB 74 [2017] PIERB 73 [2017] PIERB 72 [2017] PIERB 71 [2016] PIERB 70 [2016] PIERB 69 [2016] PIERB 68 [2016] PIERB 67 [2016] PIERB 66 [2016] PIERB 65 [2016] PIERB 64 [2015] PIERB 63 [2015] PIERB 62 [2015] PIERB 61 [2014] PIERB 60 [2014] PIERB 59 [2014] PIERB 58 [2014] PIERB 57 [2014] PIERB 56 [2013] PIERB 55 [2013] PIERB 54 [2013] PIERB 53 [2013] PIERB 52 [2013] PIERB 51 [2013] PIERB 50 [2013] PIERB 49 [2013] PIERB 48 [2013] PIERB 47 [2013] PIERB 46 [2013] PIERB 45 [2012] PIERB 44 [2012] PIERB 43 [2012] PIERB 42 [2012] PIERB 41 [2012] PIERB 40 [2012] PIERB 39 [2012] PIERB 38 [2012] PIERB 37 [2012] PIERB 36 [2012] PIERB 35 [2011] PIERB 34 [2011] PIERB 33 [2011] PIERB 32 [2011] PIERB 31 [2011] PIERB 30 [2011] PIERB 29 [2011] PIERB 28 [2011] PIERB 27 [2011] PIERB 26 [2010] PIERB 25 [2010] PIERB 24 [2010] PIERB 23 [2010] PIERB 22 [2010] PIERB 21 [2010] PIERB 20 [2010] PIERB 19 [2010] PIERB 18 [2009] PIERB 17 [2009] PIERB 16 [2009] PIERB 15 [2009] PIERB 14 [2009] PIERB 13 [2009] PIERB 12 [2009] PIERB 11 [2009] PIERB 10 [2008] PIERB 9 [2008] PIERB 8 [2008] PIERB 7 [2008] PIERB 6 [2008] PIERB 5 [2008] PIERB 4 [2008] PIERB 3 [2008] PIERB 2 [2008] PIERB 1 [2008]
2008-06-13
Light Weighs
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 8, 161-177, 2008
Abstract
According to Einstein's Principle of Equivalence Mass- Energy (E = mc2) the mass of a single photon (P) corresponds to 10-48 g/s and moving the P weighs 10-27 g/s, that is more than an electron. A light beam weighs 10-12 g/s, that is 1000 billiard times more than a proton.
Citation
Antonio Puccini, "Light Weighs," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 8, 161-177, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08050706
References

1. Zu, D.-L., "The classical structure model of single photon and classical point of view with regard towave-particle duality of photon," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 1, 109-118, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL07111101

2. Descartes, R., Dioptrique, 84, Adam-Tannery eds., Paris, 1637.

3. Hooke, R., Micrographia, 58-59, Martyn-Allestry eds., London, 1665.

4. Boyle, R., Experiments and Considerations touching Colours, 58-59, Birch T. ed., London, 1664.

5. Newton, I., Phylosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , Vol. 7, No. 80, 3075-3087, London, 1672.

6. Censor, D., "The Mathematical elements of relativistic free-space scattering," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 7, 907-923, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775468697

7. Jung, B. H. and T. K. Sarkar, "Analysis of transient electromagnetic scattering with plane wave incidence using MODFDM," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 77, 111-120, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07080302

8. La Teana, F., Introduction of ‘Die Hypotese der Lichtquanten’by Hermann Armin, 1965; 10-14, Newton-Compton eds., Roma, 2005.

9. Lummer, O. and E. Pringsheim, Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physicalischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 2, No. 163, 237, 1900.

10. Rubens, H. and F. Kurlbaum, Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 929, 1900.

11. Penrose, R., The Emperor's New Mind , 1989; 295–297, Oxford Univ. Press, RCS ed., Milano, 1997.

12. Planck, M., Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellshaff , Vol. 2, 237, 1900.

13. Planck, M., Annalen der Physik, Vol. 4, 553, 1901.

14. Ruppin, R., "Scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a perfect electromagnetic conductor sphere," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 12, 1569-1576, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779292390

15. Wang, L.-F., J. A. Kong, K. H. Ding, T. Le Toan, F. Ribbes, and N. Floury, "Electromagnetic scattering model for rice canopy based on Monte Carlo simulation ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 52, 52, 153-171, 2005.
doi:10.2528/PIER04080601

16. Sommerfield, A., Atombau und Spektrallinien, 39, Braunschweig, 1931.

17. Hermann, A., Die Hypotese derLichtquanten, 1965; 42–43, Newton-Compton eds., Roma, 2005.

18. Einstein, A., Jahrbuch der Radioaktivitat und Elektronik, Vol. 4, 443, 1907.

19. Farmelo, G., It Must Be Beautiful. Great Equations of Moderne Science , Granta Publications, London, 2002; 39–41, 48–51, Il Saggiatore ed., Milano, 2005.

20. Einstein, A., Physikalische Zeitschrift, Vol. 10, 817, 1909.

21. Lindell, I. V., "Class of electromagnetic bi-quadratic (BQ) media ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 7, 281-297, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08041602

22. Ghunlem, A. M, "Modes of electromagnetic wave propagation in circular concrete tunnels," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 1, 95-106, 2005.
doi:10.1163/1569393052955053

23. Lindell, I. V. and A. H. Sihvola, "Reflection and transmission of waves at the interface of perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 5, 169-183, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08022010

24. Feynman, R. P., Lectures on Physics,Zanichel Ed., , Vol. 1, 2-7, 2-6, 7-7 1965 California Institute of Technology, Bologna, 2001.

25. Mahmoud, S. F., "Modal propagation of high frequency electromagnetic waves in straight and curved tunnels within the earth," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 12, 1611-1627, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775537401

26. Pan, W.-Y., K. Li, and H.-Q. Zhang, "Lateral-wave electromagnetic field generated by a horizontal electric dipole below the spherical-earth surface," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 7, 953-972, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775468769

27. Popov, A. V. and V. U. Kopeikin, "Electromagnetic pulse propagation over nonuniform earth surface: Numerical simulation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 6, 37-64, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08031102

28. Lindell, I. V. and A. H. Sihvola, "Perfect electromagnetic conductor," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 7, 861-869, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775468741

29. Weinberg, S., The First Three Minutes. A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe, 1977; 65–66, Mondadori ed., Milano, 1977.

30. Feynman, R. P., QED. The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, 1985; 30, Adelphi ed., Milano, 1989.

31. Okazaki, T., A. Hirata, and Z. Kawasaki, "Time-domain mathematical model of impulsive EM noises emitted from discharges," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 12, 1681-1694, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779292345

32. Heisemberg, W., Zeitschrift fur Physik, Vol. 43, 184-185, 1927.

33. Piccini, A., "Uncertainty principle and electromagnetic waves," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 7, 885-890, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775468705

34. Galison, P., "The Sextant equation," It Must be Beautiful. Great Equations of Moderne Science, Granta Publ., London, 2002; Vol. 119, 107–114, Il Saggiatore ed., Milano, 2005.

35. Wilczeck, F., "Something Magic," It Must be Beautiful. Great Equations of Moderne Science, Granta Publ., London, 2002; 218-219, 221, Il Saggiatore ed., Milano, 2005.

36. Einstein, A., Annalen der Physik, Vol. 17, 132, 1905.

37. Achenbach, J., National Geographic Italia, Vol. 10, 8, Milano, 2001.

38. Penrose, R., The Road to Reality,611, 503, Rizzoli Ed., , Milano, 2005.

39. Chandrasekhar, B. S., Why Things Are the Way They Are, Cambridge University Press, 1998; 58–59, Il Saggiatore ed., Milano, 2004.

40. Hawking, S., A Briefer History of Time, RCS Ed., Milano, 2005.

41. Puccini, A., Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 55, 133, 2005.

42. Giacconi, R. and W. H. Tucker, The X-Ray Universe. The Quest for Cosmic Fire from Black Holes to Intergalactic Space, 1985; 32, A. Mondadori ed., Milano, 2003.

43. Hawking, S., The Universe in a Nutshell, 196, A. Mondadori ed., Milano, 2001.