Abstract

Beamforming can steer the mainlobe of the beam pattern towards the desired signal and set several nulls in the directions of interference signals by adjusting the excitation weights of array elements. These days, a range of meta-heuristic algorithms have been utilized for beamforming of antenna arrays. However, most of the methods are applied to linear arrays and rarely to planar arrays. In this paper, a novel variant of binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is proposed at first, where the global search ability and the local optimization ability are both taken into account. Then, the fitness function including the term of peak sidelobe level (PSLL) is constructed, and the improved BPSO is applied to the beamforming of uniform planar array (UPA). Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is not only able to suppress PSLL effectively, but also able to form deeper nulls than that of linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV).

1. Pham, T. and K. Insoo, "Robust weighted sum harvested energy maximization for SWIPT cognitive radio networks based on particle swarm optimization," Sensors, Vol. 17, No. 10, 2275, 2017.
doi:

504 Gateway Time-out

2. Ukasz, K., L. Nowak, and C. Jedryczka, "Optimization of the rotor geometry of the line- start permanent magnet synchronous motor by the use of particle swarm optimization," Compel International Journal of Computations & Mathematics in Electrical, Vol. 34, No. 3, 882-892, 2015.
doi:The server didn't respond in time.

3. Di, J., H. Wen, M. Li, et al. "An optimized 2D-robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on matrix completion in sparse array," MATEC Web of Conferences, Vol. 208, Article ID 01003, 2018.
doi:

4. Souto, V., R. D. Souza, B. F. Uchoa-Filho, et al. "Beamforming optimization for intelligent re ecting surfaces without CSI," IEEE Wireless Communication Letters, Vol. 99, 1-5, 2020.

5. Wei, B., S. Fan, C. Wan, et al. "Optimization strategy of anti-interference performance based on BPSO," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1693, No. 1, Article ID 012061, 2020.

6. Omar, R., N. P. Perez, C. E. Tuna, et al. "A PSO-BPSO technique for hybrid power generation system sizing," IEEE Latin America Transactions, Vol. 18, No. 8, 1362-1370, 2020.
doi:10.1109/TLA.2020.9111671

7. Kumar, L. and K. K. Bharti, "A novel hybrid BPSO-SCA approach for feature selection," Natural Computing, Vol. 20, No. 14, 1-23, 2021.

8. Niwariya, M., "Data mining approach for diabetes prediction using BPSO, SVM, KNN and nave bayes classifiers," International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1.5, 286-293, 2020.
doi:10.30534/ijatcse/2020/4191.52020

9. Sancar, N. and D. Inan, "Identification of influential observations based on binary particle swarm optimization in the cox PH model," Communications in Statistics --- Simulation and Computation, Vol. 49, No. 3, 567-590, 2020.
doi:10.1080/03610918.2019.1682156

10. Feng, Q., W. B. Wang, and D. Liu, "Synthesis of thinned linear and planar antenna arrays using binary PSO algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 127, No. 1, 371-387, 2012.

11. Chen, W. and J. Elangage, "Nonuniformly spaced array with the direct data domain method for 2D angle-of-arrival measurement in electronic support measures application from 6 to 18 GHz," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2020, No. 2, Article ID 9651650, 2020.

12. Sieh, K. T., S. S. Balasem, P. Siaw, et al. "Minimum variance distortionless response beamformer with enhanced nulling level control via dynamic mutated artificial immune system," The Scientific World Journal, Vol. 6, No. 5, 1-9, 2014.

13. Shuang, Q., W. Sheng, X. Ma, et al. "A robust reduced-rank monopulse algorithm based on variable-loaded MWF with spatial blocking broadening and automatic rank selection," Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 78, 205-217, 2018.

14. Nan, H., S. Bing, Z. Yi, et al. "Underdetermined DOA estimation method for wideband signals using joint nonnegative sparse bayesian learning," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 24, No. 5, 535-539, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LSP.2017.2673850

15. Khan, M., A. N. Malik, F. Zaman, et al. "Robust LCMV beamformer for direction of arrival mismatch without beam broadening," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 104, 21-36, 2019.
doi:10.1007/s11277-018-6006-9

16. Huang, S., Y. Li, F. J. Han, et al. "Adaptive beamforming algorithm for interference suppression based on partition PSO," Information Technology, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference, IEEE, 2016.

17. Zaharis, Z. D. and C. Skeberis, "Design of a novel antenna array beamformer using neural networks trained by modied adaptive dispersion invasive weed optimization based data," IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 59, No. 3, 455-460, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TBC.2013.2244793

18. Sharma, M. and K. K. Sarma, "GA based MVDR beamforming in UWB wireless channel," 1st International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communication Systems (WMCS'13), 2013.

19. Xia, W., X. Jin, and F. Dou, "Beam performance optimization of multibeam imaging sonar based on the hybrid algorithm of binary particle swarm optimization and convex optimization," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 5, No. 12, 1-6, 2016.

20. Biswas, R. N., A. Saha, S. K. Mitra, et al. "Realization of PSO-based adaptive beamforming algorithm for smart antennas," Advances in Nature-Inspired Computing and Applications, Vol. 6, 135-163, 2019.
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96451-5_6

21. Camellia, D. and K. T. Sieh, "Performance comparison of FA, PSO and CS application in SINR optimisation for LCMV beamforming technique," Wirel. Pers. Commun., Vol. 2, 1-19, 2018.

22. Zaharis, Z. D., C. Skeberis, and T. D. Xenos, "Improved antenna array adaptive beamforming with low side lobe level using a novel adaptive invasive weed optimization method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 124, No. 8, 137-150, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11120202

23. Sudantha, P., Y. Pan, Y. Zhang, et al. "A fully reconfigurable polarimetric phased array antenna testbed," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2014, Article ID 439606, 2014.

24. Park, Y., W. Seong, and P. Gerstoft, "Block-sparse two-dimensional off-grid beamforming with arbitrary planar array geometry," The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 147, No. 4, 2184-2191, 2020.
doi:10.1121/10.0000983

25. Chen, J. and Y. Yin, "Novel beam forming approach for rectangular planar array," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 62, No. 2, 1-7, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mop.32049

26. Nezamabadi, H. P., M. S. Rostami, and M. M. Farsangi, "Binary particle swarm optimization: Challenges and new solutions," The Journal of Computer Society of Iran (CSI) On Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 1-A, 21-32, 2008.

27. Mirjalili, S. and A. Lewis, "S-shaped versus V-shaped transfer functions for binary particle swarm optimization," Swarm & Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 9, 1-14, 2013.
doi:10.1016/j.swevo.2012.09.002

28. Zaharis, Z. D., K. A. Gotsis, and J. N. Sahalos, "Adaptive beamforming with low side lobe level using neural networks trained by mutated boolean PSO," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 127, 139-154, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER12022806

29. Zaharis, Z. D. and T. V. Yioultsis, "A novel adaptive beamforming technique applied on linear antenna arrays using adaptive mutated boolean PSO," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 117, 165-179, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11041904

Dr. Yan Lv

Professor Fei Cao

Dr. Xiaowei Feng

Dr. Huiqin Li

504 Gateway Time-out