volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of triple band metamaterial absorber at 8 GHz, 10 GHz and 12 GHz which are in the X-band frequency range. The unit cell of the metamaterial consists of three concentric copper rings at different radii, printed on 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate in order to obtain triple resonant frequencies. The highly symmetrical ring structure in nature makes this absorber insensitive to any polarization state of incident electromagnetic (EM) waves for normal incident waves. The proposed structure is capable to operate at wide variations angle of incident wave. The simulated result shows that the triple-band metamaterial absorber achieves high absorbance for normal incident electromagnetic waves of 97.33%, 91.84% and 90.08% at 8 GHz, 10 GHz and 12 GHz respectively, when subjected to normal incident electromagnetic. With metamaterial absorber maintaining 50% of absorbance value, the corresponding full width half maximum (FWHM) are 5.61%, 2.90% and 2.33%. The operating angles in which the metamaterial structure can maintain 50% absorbance at TE mode and TM mode are 670 and 640 respectively. The experimental result verifies that the absorber is well performed at three different resonant frequencies with absorbance greater than 80%.

1. Gangwar, A. and S. C. Gupta, "Metamaterials --- A new era of artificial materials with extraordinary properties," International Journal of Engineering Research and Management Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 76-84, 2014.

2. Chen, H. S., L. Huang, X. X. Cheng, and H.Wang, "Magnetic properties of metamaterial composed of closed rings," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 115, 317-326, 2011.

3. Han, N. R., Z. C. Chen, C. S. Lim, B. Ng, and M. H. Hong, "Broadband multi-layer terahertz metamaterials fabrication and characterization on flexible substrates," Optics Express, Vol. 19, No. 8, 6990-6998, 2011.
doi:10.1364/OE.19.006990

4. Kim, D.-S., D.-H. Kim, S. Hwang, and J.-H. Jang, "Broadband terahertz absorber realized by self assembled multi-layer glass spheres," Optics Express, Vol. 20, No. 12, 13566-13572, 2012.
doi:10.1364/OE.20.013566

5. Majid, H. A., M. K. A. Rahim, and T. Masri, "Left-handed metamaterial design for microstrip antenna application," 2008 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference Proceeding, 218-221, 2008.
doi:10.1109/RFM.2008.4897426

6. Garg, B. and D. Saleem, "Experimental verification of double negative property of LHM with signiˉcant improvement in microstrip transceiver parameters in S band," International Journal of Engineering Practical Research (IJEPR), Vol. 2, No. 2, 64-70, 2013.

7. Zarifi, D., S. E. Hosseininejad, and A. Abdolali, "Design of dual-band double negative metamaterials," Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 2, 75-80, 2014.

8. Shi, Y. and C.-H. Liang, "The analysis of double-negative materials using multi-domain pseudospectral time-domain algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 51, 153-165, 2005.
doi:10.2528/PIER04092301

9. Schurig, D., J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, "Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies," Science, Vol. 314, 977-980, 2006.
doi:10.1126/science.1133628

10. Huang, Y., G. wen, and W. Zhu, "Experimental demonstration of a magnetically tunable ferrite based metamaterial absorber," Optics Express, Vol. 22, No. 13, 16408-16417, 2014.
doi:10.1364/OE.22.016408

11. Liu, X. L., L. P. Wang, and Z. M. Zhang, "Wideband tunable omnidirectional infrared based on doped-silicon nanowire arrays," Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 135, No. 6, 061602, 2013.
doi:10.1115/1.4023578

12. Chang, Y. C., C. M. Wang, M. N. Abbas, M. H. Shih, and D. P. Tsai, "T-shaped plasmonic array as a narrow band thermal emitter or biosensor," Optics Express, Vol. 17, No. 16, 13526-13531, 2009.
doi:10.1364/OE.17.013526

13. Zhao, J., Y. Feng, B. Zhu, and T. Jiang, "Sub-wavelength image manipulating through compensated anisotropic metamaterial prisms," Optics Express, Vol. 16, No. 22, 18057-18066, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OE.16.018057

14. Che Seman, F. and R. Cahill, "Frequency selective surfaces based planar microwave absorbers," PIERS Proceedings, 906-909, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mar. 27-30, 2012.

15. Huang, L. and H. Chen, "Multi-band and polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 113, 103-110, 2011.

16. Li, M.-H., H.-L. Yang, and X.-W. Hou, "Perfect metamaterial absorber with dual bands," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 108, 37-49, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10071409

17. Wang, J. F., S. B. Qu, Z. T. Fu, H. Ma, Y. M. Yang, and X. Wu, "Three-dimensional metamaterial microwave absorbers composed of coplanar magnetic and electric resonators," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 7, 15-24, 2009.

18. Park, J. W., P. V. Tuong, J. Y. Rhee, K. W. Kim, W. H. Jang, E. G. Choi, L. Y. Chen, and Y. P. Lee, "Multi-band metamaterial absorber based on the arrangement of donut-type resonators," Optics Express, Vol. 21, No. 8, 9691-9702, 2013.
doi:10.1364/OE.21.009691

19. Cheng, Y., Y. Nie, and R. Gong, "Design of a wide-band metamaterial absorber based on fractal frequency selective surface and resistive films," Phys. Scr., Vol. 88, 045703, 2013.
doi:10.1088/0031-8949/88/04/045703

20. Landy, N. I., S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, "Perfect metamaterial absorber," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, 207402, 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.207402

21. Dincer, F., O. Akgol, M. Karaaslan, E. Unal, and C. Sabah, "Polarization independent perfect metamaterial absorbers for solar cell application in the microwaves, infrared, and visible regime," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 7, 953-962, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309788355289

22. Tao, H., N. I. Landy, C. M. Bingham, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla, "A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: Design, fabrication and characterization," Optics Express, Vol. 16, 7181-7188, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OE.16.007181

23. Wang, J. Q., C. Z. Fan, P. Ding, J. N. He, Y. G. Cheng, W. Q. Hu, G. W. Cai, E. J. Liang, and Q. Z. Xue, "Tunable broad-band perfect absorber by exciting of multiple plasmon resonances at optical frequency," Optics Express, Vol. 20, 14871-14878, 2012.
doi:10.1364/OE.20.014871

24. Tao, H., C. M. Bingham, A. C. Strikwerda, D. Pilon, D. Shrekehamer, N. I. Landy, K. Fan, X. Zhang, W. J. Padilla, and R. D. Averitt, "Highly flexible wide angle incidence terahertz metamaterial absorber: Design, fabrication and characterization," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 78, No. 7, 241103, 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.78.241103

25. Dincer, F., M. Karaaslan, E. Unal, K. Delihacioglu, and C. Sabah, "Design of polarization and incident angle insensitive dual-band metamaterial absorber based on isotropic resonators," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 144, 123-132, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIER13111403

26. Sabah, C., F. Dincer, M. Karaaslan, E. Unal, and O. Akgol, "Polarization-insensitive FSS based perfect metamaterial absorbers in GHz and THz frequencies," Radio Science, Vol. 49, 306-314, 2014.
doi:10.1002/2013RS005340

27. Huang, L. and H. Chen, "Multi-band and polarization insensitive metamaterial absorber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 113, 103-110, 2011.

28. Sun, J., L. Liu, G. Dong, and J. Zhou, "An extremely broad band metamaterial absorber based on destructive interference," Optics Express, Vol. 19, No. 22, 21155-21162, 2011.
doi:10.1364/OE.19.021155

29. Tao, H., N. I. Landy, C. M. Bingham, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla, "A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: Design, fabrication and characterization," Optics Express,, Vol. 16, No. 10, 7181-7188, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OE.16.007181

Dr. Osman Ayop

Prof. Mohamad Kamal Abd Rahim

Dr. Noor Asniza Murad

Dr. Noor Asmawati Binti Samsuri

Dr. Raimi Dewan