Research on RCS evaluation for electrically large objects has been a hot topic for decades. Although multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) has been the most popular method in scattering computation, due to the limitation of both CPU speed and memory size in a single computer, realistic large targets require discretization with millions of unknowns still cannot be solved by sequential implementations of MLFMA. In this paper, we introduce a Docker-enabled parallel MLFMA computing system based on MPI, which is proved to be friendly for deployment and economical for scalability, to solve electrically large scattering problems. In addition, the capability of the proposed system has been demonstrated by several canonical examples.
2. Valagiannopoulos, C. A., "Semi-analytic solution to a cylindrical microstrip with inhomogeneous substrate," Electromagnetics, Vol. 27, No. 8, 527-544, 2007.
doi:10.1080/02726340701669524
3. Valagiannopoulos, C. A., "Arbitrary currents on circular cylinder with inhomogeneous cladding and RCS optimization," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 5, 665-680, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307780667337
4. Zhao, Y., X. W. Shi, and L. Xu, "Modeling with NURBS surfaces used for the calculation of RCS," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 78, 49-59, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07082903
5. Xu, L., J. Tian, and X. W. Shi, "A closed-form solution to analyze RCS of cavity with rectangular cross section," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 195-208, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07090503
6. Li, X. F., Y. J. Xie, and R. Yang, "Bistatic RCS prediction for complex targets using modified current marching technique," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 93, 13-28, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09030804
7. Zhang, G. H., M. Xia, and X. M. Jiang, "Transient analysis of wire structures using time domain integral equation method with exact matrix elements," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 92, 281-298, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09032003
8. Valagiannopoulos, C. A., "An overview of the Watson transformation presented through a simple example," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 75, 137-152, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07052502
9. Song, J., C. C. Lu, and W. C. Chew, "Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for electromagnetic scattering by large complex objects," IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 10, 1488-1493, 2002.
doi:10.1109/8.633855
10. Velamparambil, S., W. C. Chew, and J. Song, "10 million unknowns: Is it that big?," IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine, Vol. 45, No. 2, 43-58, 2003.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2003.1203119
11. Velamparambil, S. and W. C. Chew, "Analysis and performance of a distributed memory multilevel fast multipole algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 8, 2719-2727, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.851859
12. Fostier, J., et al., "Solving billions of unknowns using the parallel MLFMA and a Tier 1 supercomputer," IEEE Radio Science Conference, 1, 2015.
13. Nguyen, N. and D. Bein, "Distributed MPI cluster with Docker swarm mode," IEEE Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference, 1-7, 2017.
14. Sterling, T., "BEOWULF: A parallel workstation for scientific computation," International Conference on Parallel Processing, 11-14, 1995.
15. Merkel, D., "Docker: Lightweight Linux containers for consistent development and deployment," Linux Journal, No. 2, 2014.
16. Pan, X. M. and X. Q. Sheng, "A highly efficient parallel approach of multi-level fast multipole algorithm," Acta Electronica Sinica, Vol. 20, No. 8, 1081-1092, 2007.
17. Takrimi, M., E. Özgür, and V. B. Ertürk, "A novel broadband multilevel fast multipole algorithm with incomplete-leaf tree structures for multiscale electromagnetic problems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 6, 2445-2456, 2016.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2552545
Submit
