volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

The estimation of the directions-of-arrival (DoAs) of multiple signals is a topic of great relevance in smart antenna synthesis and signal processing applications. In this paper, a memory-based method is proposed to compute the maximum likelihood (ML) DoA estimates. Such a conceptually-simple technique is based on the datasupported optimization (DSO) and the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), but fully exploits a memory mechanism for improving the estimation accuracy especially when dealing with critical scenarios characterized by low signal-tonoise ratios (SNR) or/and small number of snapshots. Simulation results assess the potentialities and limitations of the proposed approach that favorably compares with state-of-the-art methods.

1. Alexiou, A. and M. Haardt, "Smart antenna technologies for future wireless systems: Trends and challenges," IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol. 42, No. 9, 90-97, 2004.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2004.1336725 Google Scholar

2. Fakoukakis, F. E., S. G. Diamantis, A. P. Orfanides, and G. A. Kyriacou, "Development of an adaptive and a switched beam smart antenna system for wireless communications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 3, 399-408, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306775701722 Google Scholar

3. Wu, W., B. Z. Wang, and S. Sun, "Pattern reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 1, 107-113, 2005.
doi:10.1163/1569393052955125 Google Scholar

4. Ragheb, M. K.S. H. Elramly, and S. Mostafa, "The effect of varying the input parameters on the performance capabilities of three different doa estimation algorithms using smart antennas," Proc. 20th National Radio Sci. Conf., No. 3, 1-9, 2003.

5. Varlamos, P. K. and C. N. Capsalis, "Electronic beam steering using switched parasitic smart antenna arrays," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 36, 101-119, 2002.
doi:10.2528/PIER01100302 Google Scholar

6. Wu, W. and Y. H. Bi, "Switched-beam planar fractal antenna," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 3, 409-415, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306775701786 Google Scholar

7. Mouhamadou, M., P. Vaudon, and M. Rammal, "Smart antenna array patterns synthesis: Null steering and multi-user beamforming by phase control," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 60, 95-106, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05112801 Google Scholar

8. Mukhopadhyay, M., B. K. Sarkar, and A. Chakrabarty, "Augmentation of anti-jam Gps system using smart antenna with a simple DoA estimation algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 67, 231-249, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER06090504 Google Scholar

9. Babayigit, B., A. Akdagli, and K. Guney, "A clonal selection algorithm for null synthesizing of linear antenna arrays by amplitude control," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 8, 1007-1020, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306776930222 Google Scholar

10. Gavan, J. and J. S. Ishay, "Hypothesis of natural radar tracking and communication direction finding systems affecting hornets flight," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 34, 299-312, 2001.
doi:10.2528/PIER01092703 Google Scholar

11. Saka, B., E. Afacan, and E. Yazgan, "Beam steering antenna design for low altitude radar systems," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 11, No. 2, 215-224, 1997.
doi:10.1163/156939397X00170 Google Scholar

12. Paine, A. S., "Fast MUSIC for large 2-D element digitised phased array radar," Proc. Int. Radar Conf. 2003, No. 9, 200-205, 2003.

13. Owsley, N. L., "Sonar array processing," Array Signal Processing, 115-193, 1984. Google Scholar

14. Nishiura, T. and S. Nakamura, "Talker localization based on the combination of DOA estimation and statistical sound source identification with microphone array," IEEE Workshop Statistical Signal Processing 2003, No. 10, 597-600, 2003.
doi:10.1109/SSP.2003.1289547 Google Scholar

15. Schweppe, F. C., "Sensor array data processing for multiple signal sources," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 14, 294-305, 1968.
doi:10.1109/TIT.1968.1054121 Google Scholar

16. Stoica, P., R. L. Moses, B. Friedlander, and T. Söderström, "Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of multiple sinusoids from noisy measurements," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Vol. 37, 378-392, 1989.
doi:10.1109/29.21705 Google Scholar

17. Ziskind, I. and M. Wax, "Maximum likelihood localization of multiple sources by alternating projection," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Vol. 36, 1553-1560, 1988.
doi:10.1109/29.7543 Google Scholar

18. Stoica, P. and A. B. Gershman, "Maximum-likelihood DoA estimation by data-supported grid search," IEEE Signal Processing Lett., Vol. 6, No. 10, 273-275, 1999.
doi:10.1109/97.789608 Google Scholar

19. El-Zooghby, A. H., C. G. Christodoulou, and M. Georgiopoulos, "Performance of radial-basis function network for direction arrival estimation with antenna arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 45, 1611-1617, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.650072 Google Scholar

20. El-Zooghby, A. H., C. G. Christodoulou, and M. Georgiopoulos, "A neural network-based smart antenna for multiple source tracking," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 48, 768-776, 2000.
doi:10.1109/8.855496 Google Scholar

21. Pastorino, M. and A. Randazzo, "A smart antenna system for direction of arrival estimation based on a support vector regression," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 53, No. 7, 2161-2168, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.850735 Google Scholar

22. Donelli, M.R. Azaro, L. Lizzi, F. Viani, and A. Massa, "A SVMbased multi-resolution procedure for the estimation of the DOAs of interfering signals in a communication system," Proc. European Conference Antennas Propagat. (EuCAP), No. 11, 363898 2006.

23. Pastorino, M. and A. Randazzo, "The SVM-based smart antenna for estimation of the directions of arrival of electromagnetic waves," IEEE Trans. Intrum. Meas., Vol. 55, No. 6, 1918-1925, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TIM.2006.884295 Google Scholar

24. Schmidt, R. O., "Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 34, No. 3, 276-280, 1986.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1986.1143830 Google Scholar

25. Godara, L. C., "Application of antenna arrays to mobile communications, part II: Beam-forming and direction-of-arrival considerations," IEEE Proc., Vol. 85, No. 8, 1195-1245, 1997.

26. Al-Ardi, E. M.R. M. Shubair, and M. E. Al-Mualla, "Investigation of high resolution DoA estimation algorithms for optimal performance of smart antenna systems," Proc. 4th Int. Conf. 3G Mobile Comm. Technol., No. 6, 460-464, 2003.

27. Barabell, A., "Improving the resolution of eigenstructured based direction finding algorithms," IEEE Proc. ICASSP'83, Vol. 8, No. 4, 336-339, 1983.

28. Rao, B. D. and K. V. S. Hari, "Performance analysis of root-music," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Vol. 37, No. 12, 1939-1949, 1989.
doi:10.1109/29.45540 Google Scholar

29. Roy, R. and T. Kailath, "ESPRIT — Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Vol. 37, No. 7, 984-995, 1989.
doi:10.1109/29.32276 Google Scholar

30. Hawkins, D. M., D. Bradu, and G. V. Kass, "Location of several outliers in multiple regression data using elemental sets," Thechnometrics, Vol. 26, 197-208, 1984.
doi:10.2307/1267545 Google Scholar

31. Gershman, A. B. and P. Stoica, "Data-supported optimization for maximum likelihood DoA estimation," IEEE Proc. SAMSP'00, No. 3, 337-341, 2000.

32. Stoica, P. and K. C. Sharman, "Maximum likelihood methods for direction-of-arrival estimation," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Vol. 38, 1132-1143, 1990.
doi:10.1109/29.57542 Google Scholar

33. Stoica, P. and A. Nehorai, "Music, maximum likelihood, and Cramer-Rao bound," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Vol. 37, No. 5, 720-741, 1989.
doi:10.1109/29.17564 Google Scholar

Dr. Leonardo Lizzi

Dr. Federico Viani

Dr. Manuel Benedetti

Dr. Paolo Rocca

Prof. Andrea Massa