Vol. 115
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2011-04-15
A Compact Microstrip Rat-Race Coupler with Modified Lange and T-Shaped Arms
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 115, 509-523, 2011
Abstract
A compact microstrip rat-race coupler is proposed with a new phase inverter which is realized by a modified Lange coupling structure with a slotted ground plane and a floating-potential conductor. Based on the evenand odd-mode theory, its parameters are generally synthesized. In order to further miniaturize the rat-race coupler, a T-shaped line is utilized. A prototype operating at 2.0 GHz is designed and fabricated for verification. The circumference of our proposed rat-race coupler is only 0.52λ. Its in-phase and out-of-phase bandwidths are also enhanced, with reasonable agreement obtained between its simulated and measured S-parameters.
Citation
Guo-Qing Liu, Lin-Sheng Wu, and Wen-Yan Yin, "A Compact Microstrip Rat-Race Coupler with Modified Lange and T-Shaped Arms," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 115, 509-523, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11032003
References

1. Chiou, Y.-C., P.-S. Yang, J.-T. Kuo, and C.-Y.Wu, "Transmission zero design graph for dual-mode dual-band filter with periodic stepped-impedance ring resonator," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 108, 23-36, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10071608

2. Alkanhal, M. A. S., "Composite compact triple-band microstrip antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 93, 221-236, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09050407

3. Li, X., S.-X. Gong, L. Yang, and Y.-J. Yang, "A novel Wilkinson power divider for dual-band operation," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 2--3, 395-404, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309787604346

4. Chiang, C. T. and B.-K. Chung, "Ultra wideband power divider using tapered line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 106, 61-73, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10061603

5. Li, B., X. Wu, and W. Wu, "A miniaturized branch-line coupler with wideband harmonics suppression," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 17, 181-189, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERL10082602

6. Lopez-Berrocal, B., J. de-Oliva-Rubio, E. Marquez-Segura, A. Moscoso-Martir, I. Molina-Fernandez, and P. Uhlig, "High performance 1.8--18 GHz 10-dB low temperature co-fired ceramic directional coupler," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 104, 99-112, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10040704

7. Wang, T.-Q. and K. Wu, "Size-reduction and band-broadening design technique of uniplanar hybrid ring coupler using phase inverter for M(H)MIC's," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 47, No. 2, 198-206, Feb. 1999.
doi:10.1109/22.744295

8. March, S., "A wideband stripline hybrid ring," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 16, No. 6, 361, Jun. 1968.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1968.1126693

9. Kuo, J.-T., Y.-C. Chiou, and J.-S. Wu, "Miniaturized rat race coupler with microstrip-to-CPW broadside-coupled structure and stepped-impedance sections," Proc. IEEE Int. Microw. Symp. Dig., 169-172, Honolulu, HI, Jun. 2007.

10. Mo, T.-T., Q. Xue, and C.-H. Chan, "A broadband compact microstrip rat-race hybrid using a novel CPW inverter," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 55, No. 1, 161-167, Jan. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2006.888938

11. Chiu, L., Q. Xue, and C.-H. Chan, "Performance enhancement of microwave circuits using parallel-strip line," IEEE Potentials, Vol. 29, No. 5, 16-21, Sep. 2010.
doi:10.1109/MPOT.2010.937050

12. Okabe, H., C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, "A compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring using an artificial lumped-element left-handed transmission-line section," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 52, No. 3, 798-804, Mar. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.823541

13. Ahn, H.-R. and B. Kim, "Small wideband coupled-line ring hybrids with no restriction on coupling power," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 57, No. 7, 1806-1817, Jan. 2007.

14. Settaluri, R. K., G. Sundberg, A. Weisshaar, and V. K. Tripathi, "Compact folded line rat-race hybrid couplers," IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett., Vol. 10, No. 2, 61-63, Feb. 2000.
doi:10.1109/75.843101

15. Kuo, J.-T., J.-S. Wu, and Y.-C. Chiou, "Miniaturized rat race coupler with suppression of spurious passband," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 17, No. 1, 46-48, Jan. 2007.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2006.887254

16. Shum, K.-M., Q. Xue, and C.-H. Chan, "A novel microstrip ring hybrid incorporating a PBG cell," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 11, No. 6, 258-260, Jun. 2001.
doi:10.1109/7260.928931

17. Eccleston, K. W. and S. H. M. Ong, "Compact planar microstripline branch-line and rat-race coupler," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 51, No. 10, 2119-2125, Oct. 2003.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2003.817442

18. Hirota, T., A. Minakawa, and M. Muraguchi, "Reduced-size branch-line and rat-race hybrids for uniplanar MMIC's," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 38, No. 3, 270-275, Mar. 1990.
doi:10.1109/22.45344

19. Chin, K.-S., K.-M. Lin, Y.-H. Wei, T.-H. Tseng, and Y.-J. Yang, "Compact dual-band branch-line and rat-race couplers with stepped-impedance-stub lines," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 58, No. 5, 1213-1221, May 2010.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2010.2046064

20. Kim, D.-I. and G.-S. Yang, "Design of new hybrid-ring directional coupler using λ/8 or λ/6 sections," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 39, No. 10, 1779-1783, Oct. 1991.

21. Mandal, M. K. and S. Sanyal, "Reduced-length rat-race couplers," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 55, No. 12, 2593-2598, Dec. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2007.910058

22. Kuo, J.-T. and C.-H. Tsai, "Generalized synthesis of rat race ring coupler and its application to circuit miniaturization," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 108, 51-64, Sep. 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10071705

23. Abdelaziz, A. F., T. M. Abuelfadl, and O. L. Elsayed, "Realization of composite right/left-handed transmission line using coupled lines," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 92, 299-315, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09040305

24. Ye, C.-S., Y.-K. Su, M.-H. Weng, C.-Y. Hung, and R.-Y. Yang, "Design of the compact parallel-coupled lines wideband bandpass filters using image parameter method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 100, 153-173, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER09073002

25. Lin, Z. and Q.-X. Chu, "A novel approach to the design of dual-band power divider with variable power dividing ratio based on coupled-lines," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 103, 271-284, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10012202

26. Pozar, D. M., Microwave Engineering, 2nd Ed., 398-401, Wiley, New York, 1998.

27. Han, L., K. Wu, and X.-P. Chen, "Accurate synthesis of four-line interdigitated coupler," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 57, No. 10, 2444-2455, Oct. 2009.

28. Velázquez-Ahumada, M. C., J. Martel, and F. Medina, "Parallel coupled microstrip filters with floating ground-plane conductor for spurious-band suppression," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 53, No. 5, 1823-1828, May 2005.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2005.847083

29. Tseng, C.-H. and H.-J. Chen, "Compact rat-race coupler using shunt-stub-based artificial transmission lines," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 18, No. 11, 734-736, Nov. 2008.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2008.2005225