volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Metasheets are ultra-thin sheets built from sub-wavelength resonators designed to achieve certain frequency-dependent transmission behavior. A semianalytical approach based on an equivalent circuit representation is proposed to calculate the microwave transmission through metasheets consisting of two-dimensional periodic arrays of planar circular metal rings on a dielectric substrate. In the semianalytical approach, the impedances of the equivalent circuit are parameterized and fitted to match the values of transmission coefficients obtained by full-wave simulations at selected frequency points. As dimensional parameters, the outer radius and the width of the ring are considered. A metalens with four concentric zones is designed by using this semianalytical approach to correct the phase distortions due to a polypropylene hemispheric radome at frequencies around 28 GHz in the Ka band. It is shown that the designed metalens works well for 27 GHz, 28 GHz, 29 GHz and 29.5 GHz, implying the bandwidth of approximately 2.5 GHz. The field transmitted through the metalens and the radome is calculated by Physical Optics (PO). The electrically large integration area is divided into small square facets to calculate the PO integral. The calculated and measured results are shown to agree well.

1. Meng, H. and W. Dou, Analysis and Design of Radome in Millimeter Wave Band, Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies, Igor Minin, IntechOpen, 2010, doi: 10.5772/9054, available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/microwave-and-millimeter-wave-technologies-from-photonicbandgap-devices-to-antenna-and-applications/analysis-and-design-of-radome-in-millimeter-waveband.

2. Gorgucci, E., R. Bechini, L. Baldini, R. Cremonini, and V. Chandrasekar, "The influence of antenna radome on weather radar calibration and its real-time assessment," Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 30, No. 4, 676-689, 2013.
doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00071.1 Google Scholar

3. Asadchy, V. S., I. A. Faniayeu, Y. Ra'di, S. A. Khakhomov, I. V. Semchenko, and S. A. Tretyakov, "Broadband reflectionless metasheets: Frequency-selective transmission and perfect absorption," Phys. Rev. X, Vol. 5, No. 3, 031005, 2015, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031005. Google Scholar

4. Werner, D. H., Broadband Metamaterials in Electromagnetics: Technology and Applications, Chapter 1, Pan Stanford, 2017.
doi:10.1201/9781315364438

5. Culhaoglu, E. A., V. A. Osipov, and P. Russer, "Imaging by a double negative metamaterial slab excited with an arbitrarily oriented dipole," Radio Science, Vol. 49, 68-79, 2014.
doi:10.1002/2013RS005242 Google Scholar

6. She, A., S. Zhang, S. Shian, D. R. Clarke, and F. Capasso, "Large area metalenses: Design, characterization, and mass manufacturing," Opt. Express, Vol. 26, 1573-1585, 2018.
doi:10.1364/OE.26.001573 Google Scholar

7. Khorasaninejad, M., T. W. Chen, C. R. Devlin, J. Oh, Y. A. Zhu, and F. Capasso, "Metalenses at visible wavelengths: Diffraction-limited focusing and subwavelength resolution imaging," Science, Vol. 352, No. 6290, 1190-1194, 2016.
doi:10.1126/science.aaf6644 Google Scholar

8. Zhang, K., Y. Yuan, and Q. Wu, "Metalens in microwave region for the generation of orbital angular momentum," IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC/APEMC), 129, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ISEMC.2018.8394090 Google Scholar

9. Wang, L., W. Hong, L. Deng, S. Li, S. Uddin, H. Tian, and D. Chen, "Flexible broadband achromatic microwave metalens design using polynomial fitting method," Proceedings of Asia Microwave Conference (APMC), 1384-1386, 2018. Google Scholar

10. Azad, K. A., V. A. Efimov, S. Ghosh, J. Singleton, J. A. Taylor, and H. Chen, "Ultra-thin metasurface microwave flat lens for broadband applications," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 110, No. 22, 1-5, 2017.
doi:10.1063/1.4984219 Google Scholar

11. Zhang, Y., X. Zhang, et al. "Moving train imaging by ground-based Ka-band radar," Loughborough Antenna and Propagation Conference (LAPC), 413-416, Loughborough, UK, Nov. 16-18, 2009. Google Scholar

12. Zhang, X., W. Zhai, and Y. Zhang, "A prototype for stepped-frequency SAR dechirp imaging system and experimental verification," 2009 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), Singapore, Dec. 7-10, 2009. Google Scholar

13. Zhang, X. and Y. Zhang, "High-resolution imaging of a moving train by ground-based radar with compressive sensing," Electronic Letters, Vol. 46, No. 7, 529-531, Apr. 2010.
doi:10.1049/el.2010.2850 Google Scholar

14. Winston, R., J. Minano, and P. Benitez, Nonimaging Optics, Academic Press, 2004.

15. Pourahmadazar, J. and T. Denidni, "Towards milimeter-wavelength: Transmission-mode fresnel-zone plate lens antennas using plastic material porosity control in homogeneous medium," Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, No. 5300, 1-14, 2018. Google Scholar

16. Öziş, E., A. V. Osipov, and T. F. Eibert, "A semi-analytical approach for fast design of microwave metasheets with circular metal rings on dielectric substrates," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 88, 13-25, 2018. Google Scholar

17. Glassner, S. A., An Introduction to Ray Tracing, Academic Press, 1989.

18. Balanis, A. C., Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, Wiley, 2012.

19. Durgun, C. A. and M. Kuzuoğlu, "Computation of physical optics integral by Levin's integration algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 6, 59-74, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERM09020204 Google Scholar

20. Ludwig, A. C., "Computation of radiation patterns involving numerical double integration," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 16, No. 6, 767-769, 1968.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1968.1139296 Google Scholar

21. Dos Santos, M. L. X. and R. N. Rabelo, "On the Ludwig integration algorithm for triangular subregions," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 74, No. 10, 1455-1456, 1986.
doi:10.1109/PROC.1986.13646 Google Scholar

22. Youssef, N. N., "Radar cross section of complex targets," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 77, 722-734, 1989.
doi:10.1109/5.32062 Google Scholar

23. Öziş, E., V. A. Osipov, and F. T. Eibert, "Physical optics and full-wave simulations of transmission of electromagnetic fields through electrically large planar metasheets," Advances in Radio Science, Vol. 15, 29-35, 2017.
doi:10.5194/ars-15-29-2017 Google Scholar

24. Osipov, A. V. and S. A. Tretyakov, Modern Electromagnetic Scattering Theory with Applications, Wiley, 2017.
doi:10.1002/9781119004639

25. Crabtree, D. G., "A numerical quadrature technique for physical optics scattering analysis," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 27, No. 5, 4291-4294, 1991.
doi:10.1109/20.105050 Google Scholar

26. Carluccio, G. and M. Albani, "Efficient adaptive numerical integration algorithms for the evaluation of surface radiation integrals in the high-frequency regime," Radio Science, Vol. 46, No. 5, 1-8, 2011.
doi:10.1029/2010RS004623 Google Scholar

Ms. Ezgi Öziş

Dr. Andrey Osipov

Dr. Thomas F. Eibert