volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper mainly deals with the detection problem of the target with low Radar Cross-Section (RCS) in heavy sea clutter with unknown Power Spectral Density (PSD). Since the performance of traditional singlescan detectors degrades as the target of interest is smaller and weaker, three adaptive detectors, based upon a two-step design procedure, are proposed within the framework of the multiple-scan signal model. Firstly, the Multiple-Scan Detectors (MSDs) are derived according to the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT), Rao and Wald tests respectively under the assumption that the PSD of primary data is known. Secondly, three strategies are resorted to estimate the unknown PSD, and their Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) properties are assessed. Finally, numerical simulation results show that the adaptive MSDs outperform the traditional single-scan detector using Monte Carlo method.

1. Hatam, M., A. Sheikhi, and M. A. Masnadi-Shirazi, "Target detection in pulse-train MIMO radars applying ICA algorithms," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 122, 413-435, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11101206

2. Qu, Y., G. S. Liao, S. Q. Zhu, and X. Y. Liu, "Pattern synthesis of planar antenna array via convex optimization for airborne forward looking radar," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 1-10, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08060301

3. Qu, Y., G. S. Liao, S. Q. Zhu, X. Y. Liu, and H. Jiang, "Performance analysis of beamforming for MIMO radar," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 123-134, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08062306

4. Sabry, R. and P. W. Vachon, "Advanced polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and electro-optical (EO) data fusion through unified coherent formulation of the scattered EM field," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 189-203, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08071005

5. Herselman, P. L. and H. J. de Wind, "Improved covariance matrix estimation in spectrally inhomogeneous sea clutter with application to adaptive small boat detection," International Conference on Radar, 94-99, 2008.

6. Lerro, D. and Y. Bar-Shalom, "Interacting multiple model tracking with target amplitude feature," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 29, No. 2, 494-509, 1993.
doi:10.1109/7.210086

7. Rutten, M. G., N. J. Gordon, and S. Maskell, "Recursive track-before-detect with target amplitude fluctuations," IEE Proceeding on Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol. 152, No. 5, 345-352, 2005.
doi:10.1049/ip-rsn:20045041

8. Ward, K. D., J. A. Tough, and S. Watts, "Sea clutter: Scattering, the k-distribution and radar performance," ET Radar, Sonar and Navigation Series, Vol. 20, 45-95, 2006.

9. Haykin, S., R. Bakker, and B. W. Currie, "Uncovering nonlinear dynamics-the case study of sea clutter," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 90, No. 5, 860-881, 2002.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2002.1015011

10. Unsworth, C. P., M. R. Cowper, S. McLaughlin, and B. Mulgrew, "Re-examining the nature of radar sea clutter," IEE Processing on Rader Signal Processing, Vol. 149, No. 3, 105-114, 2002.

11. Farina, A., F. Gini, M. V. Greco, and L. Verrazzani, "High resolution sea clutter data: Statistical analysis of recorded live data," IEE Processing on Rader Signal Processing, Vol. 144, No. 3, 121-130, 1997.

12. Nohara, T. J. and S. Haykin, "Canadian East Coast radar trials and the K-distribution," IEE Processing on Rader Signal Processing, Vol. 138, No. 2, 80-88, 1991.
doi:10.1049/ip-f-2.1991.0013

13. Conte, E., A. De Maio, and C. Galdi, "Statistical analysis of real clutter at different range resolutions," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 40, No. 3, 903-918, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2004.1337463

14. Greco, M., F. Bordoni, and F. Gini, "X-band sea-clutter nonstationarity: Influence of long waves," IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 2, 269-293, 2004.
doi:10.1109/JOE.2004.828548

15. Greco, M., F. Gini, and M. Rangaswamy, "Non-stationarity analysis of real X-band clutter data at different resolutions," IEEE National Radar Conference, 44-50, 2006.

16. Ward, K. D., C. J. Baker, and S. Watts, "Maritime surveillance radar. I. Radar scattering from the ocean surface," IEE Proceedings F on Radar and Signal Processing, Vol. 137, No. 2, 51-62, 1990.
doi:10.1049/ip-f-2.1990.0009

17. Panagopoulos, S. and J. J. Soraghan, "Small-target detection in sea clutter," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 42, 1355-1361, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2004.827259

18. Schleher, D. C., "Periscope detection radar," Record of the IEEE International Radar Conference, 704-707, 1995.
doi:10.1109/RADAR.1995.522635

19. McDonald, M. and S. Lycett, "Fast versus slow scan radar operation for coherent small target detection in sea clutter," IEE Proceedings on Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol. 152, No. 6, 429-435, 2005.
doi:10.1049/ip-rsn:20050003

20. Carretero-Moya, J., J. Gismero-Menoyo, A. Asensio-Lopez, and A. Blanco-del-Campo, "Application of the Radon transform to detect small-targets in sea clutter," IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol. 3, No. 2, 155-166, 2009.
doi:10.1049/iet-rsn:20080123

21. Gini, F. and M. Greco, "Covariance matrix estimation for CFAR detection in correlated heavy tailed clutter," Signal Processing, Vol. 82, No. 12, 1847-1859, 2002.
doi:10.1016/S0165-1684(02)00315-8

22. Gini, F. and A. Farina, "Vector subspace detection in compoundGaussian clutter, Part I: Survey and new results," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 38, No. 4, 1295-1311, 2002.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2002.1145751

23. Gini, F. and M. Greco, "Suboptimum approach for adaptive coherent radar detection in compound-Gaussian clutter," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 35, No. 3, 1095-1104, 1999.
doi:10.1109/7.784077

24. Conte, E., A. De Maio, and G. Ricci, "Asymptotically optimum radar detection in compound Gaussian clutter," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 31, No. 2, 617-625, 1995.
doi:10.1109/7.381910

25. Wang, P., H. Li, and B. Himed, "Parametric Rao tests for multichannel adaptive detection in partially homogeneous environment," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 47, No. 3, 1850-1862, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2011.5937269

26. De Maio, A., S. M. Kay, and A. Farina, "On the invariance, coincidence, and statistical equivalence of the GLRT, Rao test, and Wald test," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 58, No. 4, 1967-1979, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2009.2039728

27. De Maio, A. and S. Iommelli, "Coincidence of the Rao test, Wald test, and GLRT in partially homogeneous environment," IEEE Signal Processing Letter, Vol. 15, 385-388, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LSP.2008.920016

28. Sangston, K. J. and K. R. Gerlach, "Coherent detection of radar targets in a non-gaussian background," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 30, No. 2, 330-340, 1994.
doi:10.1109/7.272258

29. Anastassopoulous, V., G. A. Lampropoulos, A. Drosopoulos, and M. Rey, "High resolution radar clutter statistics," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 35, No. 1, 43-60, 1999.
doi:10.1109/7.745679

30. Gini, F., G. B. Giannakis, M. Greco, and G. T. Zhou, "Time-averaged subspace methods for radar clutter texture retrieval," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 49, No. 9, 1896-1898, 2001.
doi:10.1109/78.942618

31. Gini, F., "Performance analysis of two structured covariance matrix estimators in compound-Gaussian clutter," Signal Processing, Vol. 80, No. 2, 365-371, 2000.
doi:10.1016/S0165-1684(99)00135-8

32. Pascal, F., Y. Chitour, P. Forster, and P. Larzabal, "Covariance structure maximum-likelihood estimates in compound Gaussian noise: Existence and algorithm analysis," IEEE Transactions on ignal Processing,, Vol. 56, No. 1, 34-48, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2007.901652

33. Swerling, P., "Radar probability of detection for some additional fluctuating target cases," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 33, 698-709, 1997.
doi:10.1109/7.588492

34. Gunturkun, U., "Toward the development of radar scene analyzer for cognitive radar," IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Vol. 35, No. 2, 303-313, 2010.
doi:10.1109/JOE.2010.2043378

Dr. Sijia Chen

Prof. Lingjiang Kong

Dr. Jianyu Yang