PIER B | PIER Journals

2007-12-11

PIER B

Vol. 2, 291-303, 2008

download: 237

FDTD Analysis of Rectangular Waveguide in Receiving Mode as EMI Sensors

Maifuz Ali and Subrata Sanyal

Testing electronic equipment for radiated emissions requires the accurate calibration of EMI sensor. The performance of the sensor depends on its Antenna Factor (AF), which is the ratio of the incident electric field on the antenna surface to the received voltage at the load end across 50Ω resistance. The theoretical prediction of the AF of EMI sensors is a very attractive alternative if one takes into consideration the enormous expenditure and time required for calibrating a sensor experimentally. In this work, FDTD is developed to predict the performance of rectangular waveguide for EMI sensors.

FDTD ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE IN RECEIVING MODE AS EMI SENSORS

2007-12-05

PIER B

Vol. 2, 279-290, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07112803

download: 293

Scattering from Bodies Coated with Metamaterial Using Fdfd Method

Saber Zainud-Deen, Adel Botros and Mourad Ibrahim

The electromagnetic scattering from a conducting object coated with metamaterials, which have both negative permittivity and permeability is derived rigorously by using finite difference frequency domain (FDFD). A formulation for the FDFD method is presented. The scattering from circular and multilayers elliptic cylinder coated by metamaterial are investigated. Also, the scattering from dielectric and metamaterial sphere is depicted. Numerical results are compared with the available data in the literature.

SCATTERING FROM BODIES COATED WITH METAMATERIAL USING FDFD METHOD

2007-12-05

PIER B

Vol. 2, 259-278, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07112702

download: 259

Microstrip Antenna with Corrugated Ground Plane Surface as a Sensor for Landmines Detection

Saber Zainud-Deen, Mosad Badr, Emadeldeen Hassan and Kamal Awadalla

A proposed sensor for landmines detection consists of two parallel microstrip antennas placed on the same ground plane and with corrugated ground surface between the arrays has been investigated. The microstrip patch array with corrugated ground surface has the advantage of a low mutual coupling compared with the classic arrays. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) is used to simulate the sensor for landmines detection.

MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH CORRUGATED GROUND PLANE SURFACE AS A SENSOR FOR LANDMINES DETECTION

2007-12-05

PIER B

Vol. 2, 243-258, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07111502

download: 297

Closed Form Solutions for Nonuniform Transmission Lines

Mohammad Khalaj-Amirhosseini

In this paper, three analytic closed form solutions are introduced for arbitrary Nonuniform Transmission Lines (NTLs). The differential equations of NTLs are written in three suitable matrix equation forms, first. Then the matrix equations are solved to obtain the chain parameter matrix of NTLs. The obtained solutions are applicable to arbitrary lossy and dispersive NTLs. The validation of the proposed solutions is verified using some comprehensive examples.

CLOSED FORM SOLUTIONS FOR NONUNIFORM TRANSMISSION LINES

2007-12-03

PIER B

Vol. 2, 233-242, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07110505

download: 334

Ground Clearance for HF and Lower Frequency Antenna Installations

Harry Green

Setting up ground based antennas for operation in the HF and longer wavelength bands frequently involves clearing large areas of land for the installation of ground mats to provide a high conductivity return path for the displacement currents. In moving from the cleared area to the virgin scrubland beyond, which is assumed to be forested with bushes and small trees, there is the possibility of an abrupt change in surface properties at the boundary resulting from the discontinuity in the vegetation which at longer wavelengths can be modelled as a change in surface impedance. By modelling the trees and bushes as point dipole moments, the aim of this paper is to estimate the significance of any such effect in terms of the gross physical properties of the vegetation. The result is to show that in normal circumstances the effect can be expected to be slight. A solution to this problem has application in helping determine the environmental footprint of the antenna installation, the amount of land that needs to be cleared to satisfactorily accommodate it.

GROUND CLEARANCE FOR HF AND LOWER FREQUENCY ANTENNA INSTALLATIONS

2007-12-02

PIER B

Vol. 2, 223-232, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07112203

download: 229

Spatial Focusing Characteristics of Time Reversal UWB Pulse Transmission with Different Antenna Arrays

Shao-Qiu Xiao, Jian Chen, Xiao-Fei Liu and Bing-Zhong Wang

Spatial focusing characteristics of time reversal (TR) electromagnetic waves are studied in this paper. Different antenna arrays are used as a TR mirror and their elements are arranged in one and two dimensions in the horizontal plane. The focused energy density around initial source location is investigated in non-line-ofsight (NLOS) and line-of-sight (LOS) cases, respectively. The results demonstrated that, roughly speaking, under the case of fixed space between two adjacent elements, the more the number of the array elements, the stronger the focused average energy density. However, in the case of fixed TR mirror array aperture, some abnormal phenomena are observed when additional elements are inset into the initial one.

SPATIAL FOCUSING CHARACTERISTICS OF TIME REVERSAL UWB PULSE TRANSMISSION WITH DIFFERENT ANTENNA ARRAYS

2007-11-30

PIER B

Vol. 2, 207-222, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07111901

download: 550

Design of Cartesian Feedback RF Power Amplifier for L-Band Frequency Range

Mandeep Singh, Anand Lokesh, Syed Idris Syed Hassan, mohd Mahmud and Mohd Fadzil Ain

A phase-alignment system is used fully integrate a power amplifier, Cartesian feedback linearization circuitry, and a phasealignment system. The phase-alignment system employs a new technique for offset-free analog multiplication that enables it to function without manual trimming. This paper demonstrates how the phase-alignment system improves the stability margins of the fully integrated Cartesian feedback system. The power amplifier itself, integrated on the same die, operates at 1 GHz and delivers a maximum of 30 dBm of output power into a 50-load. The class AB design for open loop and close loop power amplifier with Cartesian feedback, demonstrated a good linearity of 50 dBc and 80 dBc, respectively. The operating power is 2 W at 1000 MHz frequency.

DESIGN OF CARTESIAN FEEDBACK RF POWER AMPLIFIER FOR L-BAND FREQUENCY RANGE

2007-11-29

PIER B

Vol. 2, 189-206, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07111812

download: 217

Proposed Mac Protocol Versus IEEE 802.15.3a for Multimedia Transmission Over UWB Networks

Nawal Ahmed El-Fishawy, Mona Mohammed Shokair and Waleed Saad Fouad HIlmy

In this paper, a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is proposed to investigate Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia traffic transmitted over Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) networks and increase the system capacity. This enhancement comes from using Wise Algorithm for Link Admission Control (WALAC) which has three suggested versions. The QoS of multimedia transmission is determined in terms of average delay, admission ratio, loss probability, utilization, and the network capacity. In addition, a new parameter is aroused for the network performance. Comparisons between the IEEE 802.15.3a protocol and the proposed one are done. The proposed protocol shows better results in both sparse and dense networks for real time traffic transmission.

PROPOSED MAC PROTOCOL VERSUS IEEE 802.15.3A FOR MULTIMEDIA TRANSMISSION OVER UWB NETWORKS

2007-11-29

PIER B

Vol. 2, 177-187, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07111507

download: 301

Wideband 180 Degree Phase Shifter Using Microstrip-CPW-Microstrip Transition

Abdelnasser Eldek

A microstrip 180^o phase shifter obtained by a novel design of Microstrip-to-Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-to-Microstrip transition is presented. The proposed phase shifter is obtained without changing the layer of the second microstrip line. Via holes are used to transfer the current from the top to the bottom substrate layer and vice versa. The presented phase shifter is operating in a wide bandwidth between 5.5 and 18 GHz, with low insertion loss and reflection coefficients. Because the input and output microstrip lines are on the same layer, the presented phase shifter is suitable for a modified class of feeding networks for phased antenna arrays.

WIDEBAND 180 DEGREE PHASE SHIFTER USING MICROSTRIP-CPW-MICROSTRIP TRANSITION

2007-11-28

PIER B

Vol. 2, 165-176, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07111802

download: 230

Two New Loaded Compact Palnar Ultra-Wideband Antennas Using Defected Ground Structures

S. Hosseini, Zahra Atlasbaf and Keyvan Forooraghi

In this paper, two new line-fed loaded planar antennas are proposed for ultra-wideband applications. The first antenna is a circular patch with a circular ring as a Defected Ground Structure (DGS). A 50 Ohm microstrip line passes through the antenna which is symmetrical between the feed and the load. The impedance bandwidth of the first antenna with S11 < -10 dB is more than 10 GHz, from 3 GHz to more than 13 GHz, in both simulation and measurement. It will be shown that the antenna has quite a stable radiation pattern and also high gain over its bandwidth. The second configuration is a rhomboidal patch which a 50 Ohm microstrip line passes through it. A rhomboidal DGS ring is employed to widen the bandwidth of the proposed antenna. The impedance bandwidth with VSWR < 2 is more than 10 GHz, from 3 GHz to more than 13 GHz, in both simulations and measurement. The second antenna has also quite a stable radiation pattern and high gain values in its frequency band. For these antennas, a wideband 50 Ohm load has been used. Finally, it should be mentioned that the antennas have very compact structures as well as very simple configurations.

TWO NEW LOADED COMPACT PALNAR ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNAS USING DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURES

2007-11-28

PIER B

Vol. 2, 151-164, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07111403

download: 196

Numerical Study of Goos-h änchen Shift on the Surface of Anisotropic Left-Handed Materials

Wei Ding, Liang Chen and Chang-Hong Liang

The Goos-Hanchen shift on the surface when an optical beam is obliquely incident from one isotropic right-handed material (RHM) into another biaxial anisotropic left-handed material (BALHM) is numerically studied with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method based on the Drude dispersive models. The analytical expression of the Goos-Hanchen shift is firstly presented, moreo ver the condition for the existence and the sign of the Goos-Hanchen shift are also discussed. According to the theoretical analysis,sev eral sets of constitutive parameters of BA-LHM are considered. The simulated results are in agreement with theoretical results, which validate the theoretical analysis.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF GOOS-HÄNCHEN SHIFT ON THE SURFACE OF ANISOTROPIC LEFT-HANDED MATERIALS

2007-11-27

PIER B

Vol. 2, 137-150, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07111801

download: 237

Direction of Arrival and State of Polarization Estimation Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network (Rbfnn)

Saber Zainud-Deen, Hend Abd El-Azem Malhat, Kamal Awadalla and E. El-Hadad

A Neural Network architecture is applied to the problem of Direction of Arrival (DOA) and state of polarization estimation using a uniform circular cross and tri-crossed-dipoles antenna array. A three layer Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) is trained with input output pairs. The network is then capable of estimating DOA not included in the training set through generalization and the corresponding state of polarization. This approach reduces the extensive computations required by conventional super resolution algorithms such as MUSIC and is easier to implement in real-time applications. The results suggest that the performance of the RBFNN method approaches the exact values. In real time, fast convergence rates of neural networks will allow the array to track mobile sources.

DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL AND STATE OF POLARIZATION ESTIMATION USING RADIAL BASIS FUNCTION NEURAL NETWORK (RBFNN)

2007-11-27

PIER B

Vol. 2, 125-136, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07110402

download: 221

Phasing of a Microstrip Reflectarray Using Multi-Dimensional Scaling of Its Elements

Khalil Hassan Sayidmarie and Marek Bialkowski

The paper reports on investigations into new schemes for dimensional scaling of the elements of a microstrip reflectarray to obtain a slower slope of the reflected wave phase characteristic. First, the phase response as a function of various shape elements is investigated when only one of their dimensions is varied. Next investigations concern the case when two dimensions or features of the element are scaled in a certain manner simultaneously. In the latter case, it is shown that phase responses of lower slopes with a minimal range reduction can be obtained. The feasibility of this concept is illustrated for dipoles, rectangular patches, and square and circular rings. Comparisons of the obtained results show that twodimensionally scaled square and circular rings offer much better phase responses than those observed for dipoles and patches.

PHASING OF A MICROSTRIP REFLECTARRAY USING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SCALING OF ITS ELEMENTS

2007-11-21

PIER B

Vol. 2, 115-124, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07110802

download: 260

Simulation of Ultra Wideband Microstrip Antenna Using Epml-TLM

Mahdi Rajabi, Morteza Mohammadi and Nader Komjani

In this paper the simulation of ultra wideband microstrip antenna is considered. Because of the ultra wideband characteristics of this antenna, it is better to use time domain simulation methods. In this work we use three dimensional transmission line matrix method (3D-TLM) and EPML-TLM algorithm for modeling PML boundary condition directly applied to TLM algorithm. Finally simulation results of some kinds of this antenna (e.g., linear tapered slot antenna and modified planar inverted cone antenna) are presented and compared with measurements and some commercial software's output.

SIMULATION OF ULTRA WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING EPML-TLM

2007-11-19

PIER B

Vol. 2, 83-102, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07110301

download: 232

A Numerical Analysis of Stop Band Characteristics by Multilayered Dielectric Gratings with Sinusoidal Profile

Taikei Suyama, Yoichi Okuno, Akira Matsushima and Michitoshi Ohtsu

An effective computational method based on a conventional modal expansion approach is presented for handling a multilayered dielectric grating whose profiles are multilayered and sinusoidally modulated. This structure fabricated by dielectric material is one of the useful photonic crystals. The method is based on Yasuura's modal expansion, which is known as a least-squares boundary residual method or a modified Rayleigh method. In the extended method, each layer is divided into shallow horizontal layers. The Floquet modal functions and approximate solutions are defined in each shallow layer, and the latter are matched with boundary conditions in the least-squares sense. A huge-sized least-squares problem that appears in finding the modal coefficients is solved by the QR decomposition accompanied by sequential accumulation. This procedure makes it possible to treat the case where the groove depths are the same as or a little more than the grating period. As numerical example, we calculate a diffractive characteristic by a multilayered deep dielectric grating and confirm that a common band gap occurs for both polarizations.

2007-11-18

PIER B

Vol. 2, 73-82, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07111001

download: 190

Effect of Multiplication Region Mole Fraction on Characteristics of Alxga1-Xas-Apds in the Linear and Geiger

Saeid Masudy-Panah

In this paper we introduce general numerical analysis for investigation the performance of avalanche photodiodes (APD) while we change the multiplication region mole fraction. We have found that the gain, breakdown voltage, and performance factor, at a given bias voltage, increase while the excess noise factor decreases through the decreases in fraction of Al in Al_xGa_1−xAs-APDs. For calculation the characteristics of Al_xGa_1−xAs-APDs we use the dead space multiplication theory (DSMT) and width independent ionization coefficient.

EFFECT OF MULTIPLICATION REGION MOLE FRACTION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF
ALxGA1-xAS-APDS IN THE LINEAR AND GEIGER

2007-11-16

PIER B

Vol. 2, 61-71, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07102403

download: 238

Rigorous Analysis of Uniaxial Discontinuities Microwave Components Using a New Multimodal Variational Formulation

Désiré Lilonga-Boyenga, Camille Mabika and Gilbert Okoumou-Moko

Anew multimodal variational formulation (NVMF) analysis is used for a rigorous analysis of four microwave subsystems with multiple discontinuities: one double-step and one quadruplestep empty-ridged waveguide discontinuity, one iris-coupled cavities filter with four resonators and one impedance transformer. The sparameters of each structure are deduced from its total impedance matrix, without cascading the S-parameters of individual discontinuities as with the most methods based on mode-matching technique; the convergence study versus the accessible modes is no long necessary, which makes this passive microwave circuit's analysis and design tool very efficient.

RIGOROUS ANALYSIS OF UNIAXIAL DISCONTINUITIES MICROWAVE COMPONENTS USING A NEW MULTIMODAL VARIATIONAL FORMULATION

2007-11-14

PIER B

Vol. 2, 27-60, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07110101

download: 6159

An Introduction to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

Yee Kit Chan and Voon Koo

This paper outlines basic principle of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Matched filter approaches for processing the received data and pulse compression technique are presented. Besides the SAR radar equation, the linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform and matched filter response are also discussed. Finally the system design consideration of various parameters and aspects are also highlighted.

AN INTRODUCTION TO SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR (SAR)

2007-11-14

PIER B

Vol. 2, 1-13, 2008

doi:10.2528/PIERB07102001

download: 311

Permittivity Measurement with a Non-Standard Waveguide by Using Trl Calibration and Fractional Linear Data

Ravi Challa, Darko Kajfez, Veysel Demir, Joseph Gladden and Atef Elsherbeni

Modifications in the measurement of the complex permittivity are described, based on the transmission and reflection coefficients of a dielectric slab. The measurement uses TRL twoport calibration to bring the reference planes accurately to the sample surface. The complex permittivity as a function of frequency is computed by minimizing the difference between the measured and the ideal scattering parameters. An alternative procedure for determining the complex permittivity uses the fractional linear data fitting to a Qcircle of the virtual short-circuit and/or virtual open circuit data. In that case, the sample must be a multiple of one-quarter wavelength long within the measured range of frequencies. Comparison with results obtained by other traditional procedures is provided.