We theoretically analyze perturbations of ambient magnetic field due to electric currents caused by motion of a dielectric ball in a conductive fluid half-space. The approximate analytical solution of the problem has been derived for the case of arbitrary orientation of the ambient magnetic field and under the requirement that the fluid flow around the ball is laminar and potential in character. We examine spatiotemporal distribution of these perturbations and their dependence on both the depth and distance from the moving ball. The amplitudes of electromagnetic perturbations generated by the fluid flow around the ball have been compared with that resulting from gravity waves in the fluid.

In-Service Inspection (ISI) plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and security of nuclear power plant and personnel. The limited access and high ambient temperature conditions impel the need for remote inspection techniques using semi automated vehicle. The electrical actuators driving the ISI robotic vehicle must satisfy the requirements of high operating temperature, high torque density,compact size and low weight.Currently, permanent magnet brushless motors are used due to its compact size and high eciency. However, due to risk of demagnetization at high temperature as well as due to depleting resources of rare earth material alternate topologies without using permanent magnets shall be considered. This paper investigates the performance of Permanent Magnet (PM) brushless motor and Switched Reluctance (SR) motors for high temperature applications. SR motor is designed as per fundamental design equations satisfying the application requirements. Electromagnetic performance isveried by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and thermal performance is veried by lumped parameter thermal analysis. Finally the performance of SR motor is compared with PM motor in terms of torque, eciency, weight,cost and temperature rise.

A model-based inversion algorithm combined with the curl-conforming volume integral equation method is presented for the reconstruction of 3D anisotropic objects. The forward algorithm utilizes the curl-conforming volume integral equation method. The inversion algorithm is based on the Gauss-Newton method. The approach is applied to the reconstruction of the permittivities of 3D anisotropic objects. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of the data from different polarizations of transmitters and receivers to the anisotropic properties is performed. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the inversion algorithm and demonstrate the sensitivities of data from different transmitter and receiver pairs to the anisotropy.

In this paper, a novel ultra-wideband (UWB) power divider with dual notched bands using square ring multiple-mode resonators (SRMMRs) is presented. The characteristics of the proposed SRMMRs are investigated by using even- and odd-mode analysis. Then, the initial UWB performance is achieved by introducing SRMMRs to the basic Wilkinson power divider. Finally, two desired notched bands inside the UWB passband are achieved by embedding a pair of coupled dual-mode stepped impedance resonators (DMSIRs) into the SRMMRs. The central frequencies of the notched bands can be easily controlled by the electrical length of the DMSIRs. To validate the design concept, a novel compact UWB power divider with dual notched bands centered at frequencies of 5.8 GHz and 8.0 GHz is designed and measured. The simulated and measured results indicate that it has a low insertion loss and good return loss performance at all the three ports, and a high isolation between the two output ports across the UWB bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a small size of 0.46λ_g×0.69λ_g, where λ_g is the guided wavelength at 6.85 GHz.

An omnidirectional antenna array is proposed in this paper. The antenna unit of the array is composed of ten radiation patches and the associated microstrip feeding network. Some gaps between top and back patches are introduced in the antenna to improve matching, ease of feeding and enhance the bandwidth. Microwave experiments and numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate antenna functionalities. The fabricated antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 14% (1-1.15 GHz) for VSWR ≤ 1.5, with a gain around 6 dBi. The results are valuable for the design and evaluation of omnidirectional planar antenna arrays with good impedance matching, which are important for airborne and navigation applications.

This paper discusses the spectrum relation in Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) structures and presents an imaging algorithm for sparse linear MIMO array for short range imaging. This algorithm is available for MIMO array consisted by transmit and receive arrays separated from each other. The wave propagation process is used to interpret the spectrum relation in linear MIMO structures; therefore, the convolution relation of spectrum can be clearly understood. Moreover, the spectrum shift effect in linear MIMO structure with separated transmit and receive arrays is discussed and solved according to the spectrum relation. Above all, the imaging algorithm for sparse linear MIMO structure is presented, and the image performance is demonstrated by simulation results.

In order to energize the biomedical implantable electronic devices wirelessly for in vivo health monitoring of patients in remote and inaccessible areas, an alternate driving energy source is highly desirable and increasingly important. In pertinent to this, a thermal energy driven resonant inductively coupled wireless energizing scheme has been developed for powering biomedical implantable devices. The system is designed to convert the generated heat energy to a high frequency energy source so as to facilitate energy transfer through resonant inductive link to the automated biomedical sensing system allied with the receiver unit. The automated biomedical smart sensor is competent to acquire the body parameter and transmit the consequent telemetry data from the body to the data recording segment. The real-time body temperature parameter in different conditions has been experimented. To ensure its accuracy, the sensed data have been matched with the observations carried out by a calibrated device. The intended scheme can be utilized for wireless monitoring of other health parameters like physiological signals and bladder as well as blood pressure of the patients.

This paper deals with the calculation of electric field in a copper piece of cubic shape which is submitted to a sinusoidal magnetic field. This 3D problem is set into equation and solved by means of two different approaches. A stochastic method for 3-D electric field computations is presented and compared to a finite element method. The main goal of this paper is to compare these two methods on a classical problem putting forward the advantages of the chosen method. First of all, we present the problem modelling. Then, the Monte-Carlo method used to solve 3D time dependent problem is described and is compared to the finite element method, in the last part.

The location and topology of grounding grid conductors are necessary to corrosion diagnosis and digging in most cases. In this paper, an integrated detecting device for grounding conductor buried position is designed. Based on the principle of magnetic field method, a multi-layer cascade PCB hollow coil sensor is designed. AC excitation current source, 16-channel control circuit, lock-in amplifier (LIA) circuit and 4-channel synchronous acquisition circuit are realized. The experimental test is completed for the integrated detection device, and results verify the feasibility of the system.

A superconducting synchronous generator (SSG) is proposed for wind power, in which magnesium diboride (MgB₂) superconducting coils are employed as field windings. The stator is composed of conventional copper coils and iron core, while the rotor has no iron core. The whole refrigeration method is adopted in this paper. The thermal barrier is not placed in between the stator and the rotor as compared with the prior HTS generators, so a small air gap width would be possible. In order to study the electromagnetic characteristics of the SSG, finite element method (FEM) is implemented to optimize the SSG and obtain the no-load and load performance of the initial and optimized SSG. Finally, the optimized SSG is compared with a traditional synchronous generator (TSG) of the same power. The results indicate that the optimized SSG has many merits such as small size, light weight, high efficiency and high power factor.

In this part, we develop an efficient algorithm for the computation of the complete transmitted and reflected electromagnetic fields in generic 2D arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The method relies on first approaching individual CNTs using an effective-boundary condition based on a proper quantum conductivity model. An exact eigenmode solution is obtained for this problem for both single-wall and multi-wall CNTs, which then is integrated with Floquet mode theory to handle periodic arrays of CNTs. The algorithm's convergence rate is accelerated using special methods and then applied to the analysis and design of various multi-layered CNT-based photonic crystals. It is shown that the proposed method can clearly demarcate the intrinsic resonances due to electronic transitions in individual CNTS and new sets of geometric resonances produced by the array environment. The algorithm can be used to analyze measured optical spectra of CNT composites and to design new optical bandgap devices.

In this paper the equivalent impedance of resonator arrays for wireless power transfer systems is obtained in closed-form from a continued fraction expression. Using the theory of difference equations, the continued fraction is described as the general term of a complex sequence defined by recurrence, and its convergence is analyzed. It is shown that the equivalent impedance can be easily found in closed-form in terms of the system parameters. In this way, the obtained closed-form expressions may help electrical engineers to quickly predict the behaviour of a system with the changes of its parameters. Some numerical examples of the theoretical results are given and discussed. Finally, the analytical formulae obtained in this work are validated with measurements and a good agreement is observed.

Radio wave energy harvesting has become one of the most fascinating fields of research, especially in developing antenna for its front end subsystem. This paper presents the development of a single large aperture antenna for energy harvesting system. Three substrate layers FR4-air-FR4 are employed to increase the antenna gain. Measurement result shows that the proposed antenna is able to obtain gain of about 9.61 dBi at 1.575 GHz (GPS L1 frequency), with low return loss of about -17.12 dB. The achieved bandwidth is about 128 MHz. The antenna characteristic is suitable for energy harvesting application.

A highly miniaturized significant gain triple band patch antenna loaded with a new modified double circular slot ring resonator (MDCsRR) metamaterial unit cell is presented in this paper. Novel MDCsRR is a compact low frequency slot ring resonator. The principle of the proposed patch antenna element is based on adding series capacitance to decrease the half wavelength resonance frequency, thus reducing the electrical size of the proposed patch antenna. The transmission line model is used to analyze passband and stopband characteristics of the radiating bands. Circulating current distribution around MDCsRR slot with increased interdigital capacitor finger length causes multiple modes to propagate. The MDCsRR metamaterial unit cell consists of a new modified circular slot ring resonator (MCsRR) with metallic strip finger. The proposed structure is compact in size with radiating element dimensions of 0.20λ × 0.20λ × 0.008λ at first resonating frequency. The proposed antenna offers triple band operation with significant calculated antenna gain of 3.28 dBi at first center frequency of 3.2 GHz, 2.76 dBi at second center frequency of 5.4 GHz and 3.1 dBi at third center frequency of 5.8 GHz. The electrical size of the proposed antenna is miniaturized by about 68.83% as compared to the conventional patch antenna operating at first resonating frequency.

With the increase of low power devices, the design of a compact and efficient rectenna is essential for supplying energy to the devices. This paper presents a compact rectenna for high efficient WiFi energy harvesting. A novel fractal geometry is introduced in the design of antenna for miniaturization, and the ability to harvest WiFi energy is enhanced due to its characteristics of self-similarity and space filling. Besides, a single stub matching network is designed to achieve high conversion efficiency with a relatively low input power ranging from -20 dBm to 0 dBm. Simulation and experiments have been carried out. The results show that the proposed antenna features a good characteristic of reflection coefficient and realized gain at WiFi band. The highest RF to DC conversion efficiency of the rectenna is up to 52% at 2.48 GHz with the input power of 0 dBm. This study demonstrates that the proposed rectenna can be applied to a range of low power electronic applications.

A quasi-millimeter electromagnetic wave with the frequency of 22-30 GHz is applied to detect knots and holes in wood samples. It has better spatial resolution while keeping good transmission properties compared to microwave region used in the previous experiments. The images of knots and holes in wood are clearly obtained by analyzing the phase and amplitude of the transmitted wave. And the phase measurement results are all better than amplitude results according to phase values changing much more than amplitude.

A very simple design method to embed routing capabilities in classical corrugated filters is presented in this paper. The method is based on the calculation of the heights and lengths of the so-called filters design building blocks, by means of a consecutive and separate extraction of their local reflection coefficients along the device. The proposed technique is proved with a 17th-order Zolotarev-filter whose topology is bent twice so that the input and output ports are in the same plane while preserving the in-line filters behaviour. This new filter allows the possibility of eliminating subsequent bending structures, reducing the insertion loss, weight, and PIM.

The surface plasmon effect in metallic photonic crystals has been investigated. Band structure graph is the only graph that can be used to explain the characteristics of photonic crystals. In this work, band structure graphs have been used to describe these characteristics, which include the surface plasmon effect of photonic crystals. Recently, band structure graphs for frequency-dependent materials have been analyzed by several researchers. The surface plasmon effect has been found for these materials. This article reports the effect of surface plasmons which cause resonance state in the metallic photonic crystals when the relative permittivity is changed from band structure graphs. The numerical results from the commercial software show the magnetic field distribution of waves on the normal photonic crystals, and defect mode is added for each frequency.

This article proposes a beam focusing compact wideband microstrip antenna loaded with mu negative (MNG) metamaterial. The antenna is designed to operate in the frequency spectra of IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN 5.15-5.85 GHz. The controlling of the beam direction has been investigated using eight different switching combinations of 12 PIN diodes which are integrated in the metamaterial unit cells. The main beam is found to be focused in -ve y, +ve y and omnidirectional in yz plane in agreement with switching condition of the metamaterial unit cell. The maximum gain enhancement of 7 dB is obtained at 4.9 GHz as the beam of the power pattern is focused in the negative y direction. The basic antenna with patch dimension (0.14λ × 0.14λ) provides wide impedance bandwidth of about 40%. Two prototypes of basic and proposed antennas have been developed using a low profile FR-4 substrate. The simulation results are found in good agreement with the measurement ones.

A novel miniature microstrip-fed multiband antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and X-band satellite communication applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of two arc-shaped strips, dual inverted L-shaped parasitic stubs and a partial ground plane. The proposed antenna can excite multi-resonant modes while achieving a compact size of 18×34.5×0.8 mm³. The measurement results show that -10 dB impedance bandwidths are 290 MHz (2.28-2.57 GHz), 1.27 GHz (5.0-6.27 GHz), and 850 MHz (7.11-7.96 GHz), which can cover the entire operation frequencies of WLAN (2.48-2.4835 GHz, 5.15-5.875 GHz) and X-band satellite communication system (7.25-7.75 GHz) applications.