A novel blind Direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation method for polarization-sensitive uniform circular array is investigated in this paper. An analysis of the received signal of the polarization-sensitive uniform circular array shows that the received signal has trilinear model characteristics, and hence trilinear decomposition-based blind DOA and polarization estimation for polarization sensitive uniform circular array is proposed in this paper. Our proposed algorithm has better DOA and polarization estimation performance. Our proposed algorithm can be thought of as a generalization of ESPRIT, and has wider application than ESPRIT method. The useful behavior of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulations.

In this paper we develop a new impulse-radio-based RF front-end module for ultrawideband communications. The proposed transceiving module is designed based a novel compact microwave sampler. The microwave sampler consists of a multilayered magic-T and a balanced sampling bridge. By utilizing a wideband microstripto-slotline Marchand balun, the newly proposed magic-T features an improved bandwidth of 94.2%. The design concept, circuit topology, and experimental results of the magic-T and microwave sampler are investigated in the first half of this paper. By utilizing the equivalent time sampling theory, in the second half of this paper we investigate an impulse-radio-based ultrawideband transceiving front-end module. Two transmission data rates, 90 and 270 Kbps, are demonstrated with various bit patterns. The experimental results reveal that the transceiving module has a coverage range up to 4.5 m. The circuit configuration, modulation scheme, and system performance of the front-end module are discussed thoroughly. The tradeoff for increasing the data rate is discussed at the end of this paper as well.

A research of W band microstrip integrated high order frequency multiplier based on avalanche diode is presented. The associated nonlinear model of avalanche diode driven by external RF signals for high order frequency multiplication is presented and analyzed according to the physical property of avalanche diode. Subsequently the circuit of microstrip integrated high order multiplier is analyzed. In experiment, maximum output power of 6.5 mW with the efficiency of about 0.62% is obtained at output frequency of 94.5 GHz with 15th multiplication order. The phase noise of output 94.5 GHz signal is about −90.83 dBc/Hz and −95.67 dBc/Hz at 10 KHz and 100 KHz offset.

In this paper, Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP) is used to investigate scattering by multilayered cylindrical structures in free space and to calculate the diffracted far field by adopting a cylindrical coordinate formulation. The WCIP principle consists of alternating waves between the modal and space domains. Its iterative resolution process is always convergent in lossless media case. The proposed technique used for determining the electric far field diffracted by a multilayered cylindrical structure is validated and confronted to literature results.

In this paper, we propose a new way to compact the transmission lines, which has a general application to miniaturization of RF and microwave circuits. In this way, we use Nonuniform Transmission Lines (NTLs) instead of Uniform Transmission Lines (UTLs). To synthesize the desired Compact Length Transmission Lines (CLTLs), the characteristic impedance function of the NTLs is expanded in a truncated Fourier series. Then, the optimum values of the coefficients of the series are obtained through an optimization approach. The usefulness of the proposed structures is verified using some examples.

In this paper, a new method is proposed to avoid crowding phenomenon in extracting the permittivity of ferroelectric thin films. Polynomial curve fitting technique is used to determine the filling factor while the thickness of the thin film is very small. Conformal mapping (CM) combining with partial capacitance approach (PTA) is used to obtain the relationshipb etween the effective permittivity of multiplayer coplanar waveguide (CPW) and the permittivity of each layer. A CPW with a thin film layer is simulated and the permittivity of thin film is extracted, the results show that, by using the proposed method, the crowding phenomenon can be avoided successfully and the permittivity of thin films can be extracted accurately.

A TE/TM wave splitter composed of a gyrotropic slab is proposed. We demonstrate theoretically that, when the working frequency is chosen to be within one of the two ranges, total reflection occurs at the boundary of a slab of gyrotropic medium for either TE or TM component of the incident waves. Tuning can be done by choosing the working frequency band or adjusting the applied magnetic field. Furthermore, within the TE-stop or TM-stop frequency region, if the incident angle is selected appropriately, the other polarized component of the wave is totally transmitted. And we also show that when the slab is thicker, there are more possibilities to satisfy the full-pass condition. Finite-element method simulations verified the theoretical results.

Fractional solutions of a parallel plate waveguide originally with impedance walls have been derived and fractional impedance of the guiding walls have been investigated. Two distinct ranges ofw all impedance have been found in which fractional impedance behaves in opposite ways. For 0 < α < 1, the fractional impedance is inductive in range 1 and is capacitive in range 2, where α is fractional parameter. For 1 < α < 2, the fractional impedance is capacitive in range 1 and is inductive in range 2. At the boundary ofthe two ranges, the fractional impedance is independent of α and is resistive. This behavior is periodic with period α = 2.

With the global search method of adaptive genetic algorithm (GA), an improved methodology is proposed to identify the equivalent radiating dipoles of real sources on substrates such as printed circuit boards (PCB) and then to regenerate the radiating far field. This methodology is based on a set of elemental electric- and magnetic dipoles which model the real sources. The numbers, positions and orientations as well as the elevations of each dipole are positioned by adaptive GA based on the comparison between the simulated and measured magnetic field. The methodology provides a possible way to identify the radiating source of planar circuits with ground plane.

A new non-air conduct speech detecting method is introduced in this paper by means of millimeter wave (MMW) radar. Due to its special attribute, this method may provide some exciting possibility of wide applications. However, the resulting speech is of less intelligible and poor audibility since the present of the combined and colored additive noise. This paper, therefore, investigates the problem of the MMW radar speech enhancement by taking into account the frequency-domain masking properties of the human auditory system and reduces the perceptual effect of the residual noise. Considering the particular characteristics of MMW speech, the perceptual weighting technique is developed and incorporated into the traditional spectral subtraction algorithm to shape the residual noise and make it inaudible. The results from both acoustic and listening evaluation suggest that the background noise can be reduced efficiently while the distortion of MMW radar speech remains acceptable, the enhanced speech also sounds more pleasant to human listeners, suggesting that the proposed algorithm achieved a better performances of noise reduction over other subtractive-type algorithms.

Various isolation improvement techniques for MIMO WLAN card bus applications consisted of three closely spaced loop antennas are presented and investigated both numerically and experimentally in this paper. The proposed techniques are easily implemented and proven effective to achieve high isolation among the antennas which is a must for MIMO terminals to receive uncorrelated signals with good system throughputs.

A modal-expansion method is proposed for the analysis of a monopole antenna in a vibrating reverberation chamber. Inside the chamber, electromagnetic fields are expanded using modal functions. Mode matching process is applied to enforce the boundary conditions at regional interfaces. Boundary conditions on the four side walls of the chamber are imposed by the point matching method. Combining these two matching processes, a set of matrix equations are obtained and the expansion coefficients can then be determined accordingly. The loss from the chamber walls is accounted for through homogeneous material filling. The input impedance and scattering parameter of a monopole in a reverberation chamber are computed and statistical analysis of the scattering parameter is conducted when one of its walls is vibrating.

This paper explores the feasibility of microwave imaging a buried object by the GA and using the S₁₁ parameter of a radiation antenna rather than data of the scattered electromagnetic field. To improve the efficiency of the GA-based algorithm, a technique of limiting the location of the buried object prior to the implement of the GA is proposed, and the GA is parallelized and executed on a PC cluster. A few numerical examples are presented, in which the dimension and location of a 3-D object buried in the earth are recovered. Results validate the proposed GA-based microwave imaging algorithm.

A new class of microstrip filter structures are designed, optimized, simulated and measured for ultra-narrowband performance essential to the wireless industry applications. More accurate model of the coupling coefficient is outlined and tested for narrowband filter design. Two sample filters are fabricated and measured to verify the simulations and prove the concept. The idea behind the new designs is based on minimizing the parasitic couplings within the resonators and the inter-resonator coupling of adjacent resonators. A reduction of the overall coupling coefficient is achieved even with less resonator separation which is a major issue for compactness of such filters. The best new designs showed a simulated fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 0.05% and 0.02% with separations of S = 0.63 mm and S = 0.45 mm, respectively. The measured filters tend to have even narrower FBW than the simulated, though its insertion loss deteriorates, possibly due to mismatch at the interface with external circuitry and poor shielding effect of the test platform. The investigated 2-pole filters are accommodated on a compact area of a nearly 0.6 cm². An improvement of tens of times of order in narrowband performance is achieved compared to reported similar configuration filters and materials. A sharp selectivity and quasi-elliptic response are also demonstrated with good agreement in both simulations and measurements. In all filters, however, the study shows that the narrower the FBW, the larger the insertion loss (IL) and the worse the return loss (RL). This is confirmed by measurements.

Circular arrays of log-periodic (LP) antennas are designed and their operational properties are investigated in a sophisticated simulation environment that is based on the recent advances in computational electromagnetics. Due to the complicated structures of the trapezoidal-tooth array elements and the overall array configuration, their analytical treatments are prohibitively difficult. Therefore, the simulation results presented in this paper are essential for their analysis and design. We present the design of a threeelement LP array showing broadband characteristics. The directive gain is stabilized in the operation band using optimization by genetic algorithms. We demonstrate that the optimization procedure can also be used to provide beam-steering ability to LP arrays.

This paper presents an ultra-wideband rectangular ring fed by stepped monopole antenna. The initial parameters of rectangular ring are first considered to obtain the bidirectional pattern with the desired resonant frequency. Subsequently, the parameters of stepped monopole for enhancing impedance bandwidth are investigated. To study the impedance and radiation behaviors, the simulations of the proposed antenna have been carried out. It is found that this antenna offers a bidirectional beam with the impedance bandwidth (return loss lower than -10 dB) covered the frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. At the desired direction along this frequency band, the gain of 2.33-5.21 dBi is achieved. Furthermore, the prototype antenna was fabricated and measured to verify the simulated results. Obviously, the simulation and measurement are reasonably in good agreement.

The analytical formulae based on the generalized reflection and transmission coefficient matrices for cylindrically stratified media are used to simulate the borehole effect on multicomponent induction logging responses in various ratios of mud conductivity and formation conductivity and to investigate the tool's eccentricity effect on the responses of coplanar coils and coaxial coils. The simulated data show that the borehole effect and the tool's eccentricity effect on the response of coplanar coils is greater than that on the response of coaxial coils in most cases. Then we give an algorithm for the correction of borehole effect on multicomponent induction logging responses, and the algorithm is based on the above-mentioned formulae to build forward model and regularized Newton method. Finally we correct borehole effect on the apparent conductivity responses of two different models with the algorithm, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

As wireless communication applications require more and more bandwidth, the demand for wideband antennas increases as well. One of the most applicable frequency bands is X-band (8-12 GHz). X-band frequencies are used in satellite communications. Radar applications, terrestrial communications and networking, motion detection and etc. Fractal passive Microstrip antennas are simple and novel structures that attract much attraction recently. In this paper, new Microstrip sierpinski modified and fractalized antenna using multilayer structure for achieving wideband behavior in X-band which in 7-10.6 GHz portion overlaps UWB working range. Using fractal defection in patch, multi higher order modes are inspired for coupling a much wider bandwidth. Roggers TMM3 (ε_r = 3.38) is used in this antenna as substrate. Working range for this antenna is from 7.7 GHz to 16.7 GHz (BW = 9 GHz). This antenna has simple structure, small size and 4 resonance frequencies. This fabricated and tested antenna is designed by Ansoft Designer software.

A novel design with low parasitic effect for eliminating the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in high-speed circuits is proposed by using the aperiodic high-impedance surface (A-HIS) structure. The A-HIS configuration is proposed in this work, revealing suppression of the SSN from 1.1∼1.85 GHz. It is shown that the HIS structure with aperiodic design, the SSN will be effectively suppressed. The undesired resonances of the proposed A-HIS structure are less than that of the conventional structure below 1 GHz. Less undesired peaks will ensure the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and signal integrity (SI). The measured results show very well compared with the conventional periodical HIS structures. The suppression results of the proposed A-HIS structure is checked by both measurement and simulation results. By using this proposed method, the simplicity of the structure is easier to fabricate as well as to route signal lines with a perfect power/ground planes. In addition, the proposed designs provide excellent SSN suppression and good signal integrity (SI) as the conventional structure.

This paper presents an image reconstruction approach based on the time-domain and steady state genetic algorithm (SSGA) for a 2-D perfectly conducting cylinder buried in a half-space. The computational method combines the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and the steady state genetic algorithms (SSGA) to determine the shape and location of the subsurface scatterer with arbitrary cross section. The subgirdding technique is implemented in the FDTD code for modeling the shape of the cylinder more closely. In order to describe an unknown 2-D cylinder with arbitrary cross section more effectively, the shape function is expanded by closed cubic-spline function instead of frequently used trigonometric series. The inverse problem is reformulatedin to an optimization problem and the global searching scheme SSGA with closedcubic-spline is then employed to search the parameter space. Numerical results show that the shadowing effect for the inverse problem in a half space results in poor image reconstruction on the backside of the cylinder. We propose the two-step strategy to overcome the shadowing effect. It is found that goodimaging quality could be attainedbasedon the proposed strategy.