volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Recently the social foraging behavior of E. coli bacteria has been used to solve optimization problems. This paper presents an approach involving Bacterial Foraging (BF) to find appropriate included angle (ψ) and there by two other slant angles (θ₁, θ₂) for which the V-dipole provides higher directivity in comparison to straight dipole. Symmetrical V and Straight dipole is analyzed completely using Method of Moments (MoM). MoM codes in MATLAB environment have been developed both for straight dipole and Vdipole to obtain impedance, directivity, and radiation patterns in both E-plane and H-plane. Then MoM codes is coupled with well known Bacteria Foraging Algorithm (BFA) to get best included angle. Moreover, some modification of BFA is done for the faster convergence.

1. Harrington, R. F., Field Computation by Moment Methods, Macmillan, 1968.

2. Thiele, G. A., "Calculation of the current distribution on a thin linear antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 14, No. 5, 648-649, September 1966.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1966.1138743 Google Scholar

3. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

4. Passino, K. M., "Biomimicry of bacterial foraging for distributed optimization and control," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Vol. 22, No. 3, 52-67, June 2002.
doi:10.1109/MCS.2002.1004010 Google Scholar

5. Tripathy, M. and S. Mishra, "Bacteria foraging-based solution to optimize both real power loss and voltage stability limit," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 22, No. 1, February 2007.
doi:10.1109/TPWRS.2006.887968 Google Scholar

6. Mishra, S., "A hybrid least square-fuzzy bacteria foraging strategy for harmonic estimation," IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., Vol. 9, No. 1, 61-73, Feb. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TEVC.2004.840144 Google Scholar

7. Tong, M. S., "A stable integral equation solver for electromagnetic scattering by large scatterers with concave surface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 74, 113-130, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07041506 Google Scholar

8. Segall, J., S. Block, and H. Berg, "Temporal comparisons in bacterial chemotaxis," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Vol. 83, 8987-8991, Dec. 1986.
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.23.8987 Google Scholar

9. Lowe, G., M. Meister, and H. Berg, "Rapid rotation of flagellar bundles in swimming bacteria," Nature, Vol. 325, 637-640, Oct. 1987.
doi:10.1038/325637a0 Google Scholar

10. Losick, R. and D. Kaiser, "Why and how bacteria communicate," Sci. Amer., Vol. 276, No. 2, 68-73, 1997. Google Scholar

11. Budrene, E. and H. Berg, "Dynamics of formation of symmetrical patterns by chemotactic bacteria," Nature, Vol. 376, 49-53, 1995.
doi:10.1038/376049a0 Google Scholar

12. Misra, I. S., R. S. Chakraborty, and B. B. Mangaraj, "Design, analysis and optimization of V-dipole and its three-element Yagi-Uda array," Progress In Electromagnetic Research, Vol. 66, 137-156, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06102604 Google Scholar

13. Mahanti, G. K., A. Chakrabarty, and S. Das, "Phase-only and amplitude-phase only synthesis of dual-beam pattern linear antenna arrays using floating-point genetic algorithms," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 68, 247-259, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER06072301 Google Scholar

14. Riabi, M. L., R. Thabet, and M. Belmeguenai, "Rigorous design and efficient optimizattion of quarter-wave transformers in metallic circular waveguides using the mode-matching method and the genetic algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 68, 15-33, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER06072103 Google Scholar

15. Hosseini, S. A. and Z. Atlasbaf, "Optimization of side lobe level and fixing quasi-nulls in both of the sum and difference patterns by using continuous ant colony optimization (ACO) method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 321-337, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07102901 Google Scholar

16. Mahmoud, K. R., M. El-Adawy, S. M. M. Ibrahem, R. Bansal, and S. H. Zainud-Deen, "A comparison between circular and hexagonal array geometries for smart antenna systems using particle swarm optimization algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 72, 75-90, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07030904 Google Scholar

17. Lee, K. C. and J. Y. Jhang, "Application of particle swarm algorithm to the optimization of unequally spaced antenna arrays," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, 2001-2012, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779322747 Google Scholar

18. Guney, K. and M. Onay, "Amplitude-only pattern nulling of linear antenna arrays with the use of Bees algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 70, 21-36, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07011204 Google Scholar

19. Hosseini, S. A. and Z. Atlasbaf, "Optimization of side lobe level and fixing quasi-nulls in both of the sum and difference patterns by using continuous ant colony optimization (ACO) method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 321-337, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07102901 Google Scholar

20. Akdagli, A. and K. Guney, "Shaped-beam pattern synthesis of equally and unequally spaced linear antenna arrays using a modified tabu search algorithm," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 36, 16-20, 2003.
doi:10.1002/mop.10657 Google Scholar

21. Mahmoud, K. R., M. El-Adawy, S. M. M. Ibrahem, R. Bansal, and S. H. Zainud-Deen, "A comparison between circular and hexagonal array geometries for smart antenna systems using particle swarm optimization algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 72, 75-90, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07030904 Google Scholar

22. Ayestaran, R. G., J. Laviada, and F. Las-Heras, "Synthesis of passive-dipole arrays with a genetic-neural hybrid method," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, 2123-2135, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779322549 Google Scholar

23. Lee, Z. J. and C. Y. Lee, "A hybrid search algorithm with heuristics for resource allocation problem," Information Sciences, Vol. 173, No. 1–3, 155-167, 2005.
doi:10.1016/j.ins.2004.07.010 Google Scholar

24. Juang, C. F., "A hybrid of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization for recurrent network design," IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics --- Part B, Vol. 34, 997-1006, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TSMCB.2003.818557 Google Scholar

25. Xu, Z., H. Li, Q. Z. Liu, and J. Y. Li, "Pattern synthesis of conformal antenna array by the hybrid genetic algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 75-90, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07091901 Google Scholar

26. Mishra, S., "Hybrid least-square adaptive bacterial foraging strategy for harmonic estimation," IEE Proc. --- Generation Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 152, 379-389, 2005.
doi:10.1049/ip-gtd:20049016 Google Scholar

27. Passino, K. M., "Biomimicry of bacterial foraging," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Vol. 22, 52-67, 2002.
doi:10.1109/MCS.2002.1004010 Google Scholar

28. Lin, W. and P. X. Liu, "Hammerstein model identification based on bacterial foraging," Electronics Letters, Vol. 42, 1332-1334, 2006.
doi:10.1049/el:20062743 Google Scholar

29. Kim, D. H., A. Abraham, and J. H. Cho, "A hybrid genetic algorithm and bacterial foraging approach for global optimization," Information Sciences, Vol. 177, 3918-3937, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.ins.2007.04.002 Google Scholar

30. Niu, B., Y. Zhu, X. He, and X. Zeng, "Optimum design of PID controllers using only a germ of intelligence," 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 3584-3588, Dalian, China, June 2006. Google Scholar

31. Guney, K. and S. Basbug, "Interference suppression of linear antenna arrays by amplitude-only control using a bacterial foraging algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 475-497, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07110705 Google Scholar

Dr. Biswa Binayak Mangaraj

Dr. Iti Misra

Dr. A. Barisal