In this paper, a miniaturized 4-port (4 × 4) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented in the Ku band with operating frequency range of 16.9 GHz to 17.9 GHz. The presented antenna incorporates Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Technology with each element of MIMO in Quarter Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (QMSIW). The radiating features of the antenna are incorporated by inserting periodic slots in the patches as well as defective ground plane (DGS) technology in lower ground. For achieving good impedance matching and isolation, DGS and SIW technologies are incorporated in the design. An isolation greater than 30 dB is achieved in the complete operating range (16.9 GHz-17.9 GHz). The MIMO antenna is realized physically in Rogers 5880 with dimensions of 36 × 36 mm². The MIMO antenna properties like Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL), Total Effective Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Mean Effective Gain (MEG) and Diversity Gain (DG) are analysed to validate good agreement with the standard values.

Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is widely used in three-phase inverters. As the performance requirements of inverters increase, there is a demand to suppress common-mode voltages (CMVs) generated by SVPWM. In order to suppress the CMVs, it is necessary to mathematically analyze the CMVs. By using a mathematical analysis method based on double Fourier series, general expressions of CMV harmonic amplitudes and spectra are obtained for seven-segment SVPWM and five-segment SVPWM. Comparative analyses on the CMV general expressions are performed for the two SVPWMs, and the CMV harmonics characteristics for the two SVPWMs are summarized. Simulations are carried out in an inverter-driven permanent magnet motor system, and simulation results are in good agreement with calculation ones, which verifies the correctness and validity of the mathematical analysis. Based on these analyses, a more in-depth research can be conducted on the CMV suppression.

This paper presents a compact 8 × 8 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system designed to operate across two wide frequency bands suitable for fifth-generation (5G) mobile network and wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. Each antenna element comprises a radiator, a feeding line, and a defected ground plane. Each radiator consists of a first L-shaped radiator (FLR), a second L-shaped radiator (SLR), and an extra radiator (ER). To enhance the isolation, a defected ground structure (DGS) is employed between the antenna elements. The presented antenna operates across three frequency bands, namely, 3.5 GHz (3.3 GHz-3.8 GHz) and 4.9 GHz (4.8 GHz-5 GHz) 5G frequency bands, and 5.7 GHz (5.15 GHz-5.85 GHz) WLAN frequency band, exhibiting excellent isolation, surpassing 15 dB in both lower and higher frequency bands. The overall efficiency exceeds 58%, with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value below 0.125.The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.

Weight and reference signal are utilized in adaptive interference cancellation (AIC) for vector weighting to generate the signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase to the interference signal. Weight accuracy becomes the core factor to determine the performance of the AIC. In this letter, we analyze the influence of the weight accuracy on interference suppression performance, propose the quantitative characterization method of the weight accuracy with weight noise as an indicator, study the performance and influencing factors of the weight accuracy, and propose the optimization design method. The characteristics of weight accuracy in interference cancellation are verified by theoretical simulation analysis. This work fills in the blank of weight accuracy analysis and has solid theoretical value for exploring the capability boundary of the AIC.

The Method of Moments (MoM) is a non-embedded uncertainty analysis method that has been widely used in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) simulations in recent years due to its two major advantages of high computational efficiency and immunity from dimensional disaster. A random variable sensitivity calculation method based on the Complex Number Method of Moments (CN-MoM) is proposed in this paper to improve the accuracy of the MoM in standard deviation prediction and thereby enhance the credibility of EMC simulation uncertainty analysis results. In the parallel cable crosstalk prediction example in the literature, the result of the Monte Carlo Method (MCM) is used as the standard, and the accuracy of the new method proposed in this paper is quantitatively verified using the Feature Selective Validation (FSV) method. Compared with the MoM, the proposed method can significantly improve the calculation accuracy of the standard deviation results without sacrificing simulation efficiency.

A low profile, wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna using metasurface (MS) is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of a square loop feeding structure and four driven patches positioned between the ground plane and the MS. Frist, The loop with truncated corners functions as a sequential phase feeder for the four driven patches. These patches are then capacitively coupled by the feeding loop to create a CP mode. Then a defective ground structure (DGS) is adopted to improve the impedance matching. Finally, using MS to generate extra CP minimum AR points to broaden the AR bandwidth. The MS is composed of a 4 × 4 truncated square patch array which enhances the impedance bandwidth and gain of the proposed antenna. The total dimensions of the proposed antenna are 50 mm × 50 mm × 3.124 mm (λ₀ × λ₀ × 0.062λ₀). The MS antenna in circular polarizations achieves a wide -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 37.5% (4.85-7.09 GHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 20% (5.66-6.92 GHz). In addition, the maximum gain of 10.28 dB is achieved at 6.1 GHz, and the proposed MS antenna also has a flat gain across a broad frequency range from 4.5 GHz to 6.75 GHz.

The millimeter wave communication technology used for drones could combine the advantages of drones and millimeter waves, providing high-speed data transmission and wide area network coverage capabilities, and has broad application prospects in military and civilian communication systems. Millimeter wave active antennas have the advantages of miniaturization, high frequency band, and flexible shaping, which is of great significance for ensuring the high-speed dynamic communication ability of drone platforms. In this paper, a millimeter wave active antenna suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is designed and verified, operating in 24.75-27.5 GHz and adopting Antenna in Package (AiP) design. Frequency band test and communication performance test is conducted. To open and close the RF channels, the antenna's operating frequency range can be shown in the vector network analyzer which meets the design frequency band 24.75-27.5 GHz requirements. By loading 5G millimeter wave standard signals, the antenna can achieve real-time demodulation of 100 MHz, 256 QAM signals. The test shows that the system can meet the requirements of beam tracking and real-time information transmission during high-speed dynamic flight of UAVs. It has broad application prospects in UAV communication systems.

This study introduces a metasurface-based low-profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with double-wide beam for global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), which covers primarily BDS-2 B1 band and BDS-3 B1 band. At first, a T-slot structure achieving a compact design is presented to effectively miniaturize the antenna. Except that, a gear-type parasitic ring and eight parasitic microstrip lines are proposed to broaden both the half power beamwidth (HPBW) and axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) of the antenna. Furthermore, a metasurface unit featuring double ``WIFI'' logo structure is introduced. This unit is expanded into a 7*7 metasurface loaded under the antenna, significantly improving its radiation characteristics. After experimentation, the proposed antenna achieves notable results: 121˚ HPBW and 214˚ 3 dB-ARBW at 1.561 GHz and 121˚ HPBW and 236˚ 3 dB-ARBW at 1.575 GHz. Additionally, it demonstrates more than 3.52 dBic gain across the whole frequency band, whose simulation and test results are in agreement. These results show that the antenna can be used for various satellite communication systems necessitating CP antennas with wide ARBW and HPBW.

The design of a low profile rectangular patch multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed. The antenna incorporates a novel metamaterial-based structure and utilizes a three single split ring resonators based tank circuit to achieve high isolation. A novel metastructure covers C, X, and Ku bands. The antenna structure is made up three single split ring resonators (SRRs) embedded on the bottom of the antenna, situated between the radiating patches. The dimensions of the fabricated antenna are 10×15×1.6 mm³ on an FR4 epoxy substrate. The antenna operates within the frequency range of 10.97 to 18.85 GHz with minimum spacing between antenna elements as 2 mm, covering the X and Ku bands. It is utilized in radar and satellite applications. The metastructure on the back of the antenna enhances isolation by more than 16 dB in the operating band, with a maximum of -31.28 dB at 17.88 GHz. The antenna's radiation efficiency and gain are increased by 80% and 5.54 dB at a frequency of 16.37 GHz respectively. The antenna exhibits good diversity performance parameters, such as an ECC below 0.1 and a DG of 9.98 dB, in addition to desirable radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna exhibits the features that make it highly suitable for advanced technologies.

A miniaturized frequency reconfigurable antenna, designed with a simple geometric layout on an FR-4 substrate measuring 15 × 21 mm², offers versatility for various wireless applications is proposed in this paper. By adjusting biasing conditions of integrated PIN diodes, the antenna can operate in three distinct modes: wideband, dual band, and triband configurations. The antenna demonstrates satisfactory gain and presents an omnidirectional radiation pattern. Verification of the antenna's functionality involved building a prototype and subjecting it to testing. The confirmed compatibility of the antenna with modern wireless requirements, including the need for small antennas capable of operating across multiple bands and modes, is substantiated by the close agreement between simulated and measured results.

The paper addresses how to improve the degree of freedom of array for DOA (direction of arrival) estimation. According to the DOA estimation model for cyclostationary signal, a method of constructing virtual extended array based on two cyclic spectral components using a single uniform linear array and a method of estimating DOA based on the virtual array are proposed. Firstly, two array receiving data matrices of uniform linear arrays are constructed by using cyclic autocorrelation function of two different cyclic frequencies. Then, the array receiving data matrix of the virtual nested array is constructed by the Kronecker product of the two linear array receiving data matrices. Through virtual expansion, an M²-dimensional array receiving data matrix is obtained based on a uniform linear array of M-array elements, so that the direction of arrival of M²-1 sources can be estimated. It breaks the limitation of array degrees of freedom. Finally, the direction finding model for the virtual nested array is formulated, and the compressed sensing algorithm is used to estimate the DOAs of sources. Through computational simulation experiments, the performance of the algorithm is verified.

This paper presents a broadband high-isolated MIMO antenna operating in the C and X bands simultaneously. The antenna is expected to be applied in wireless systems such as satellites and radar. A modified Vivaldi element is firstly designed by etching a rectangular structure out of the top metal, and then arranged symmetrically to form a 2-element broadband MIMO antenna with element spacing of 0.28λ (λ is the wavelength at 9 GHz). The operating frequency the MIMO antenna in terms of S₁₁ ≤ -9.0 dB is from 4.0 GHz to 13.5 GHz. However, the mutual coupling between the two elements is quite strong, which can be as high as 8.0 dB, indicating a severe mutual coupling effect between the elements. To improve the isolation level, a defect-ground structure (DGS) is designed and loaded on the ground plane. The decoupling structure of the DGS achieves decoupling in the C and X bands, with a particular emphasis on decoupling in the C band by blocking the current flow between antenna elements. The simulated result shows that the S₂₁ can be lowered to less than -23.4 dB across the whole operating frequency region, i.e., an isolation improvement of 15 dB is achieved. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones, indicating that the designed broadband MIMO antenna is a good candidate for reliable communication in the C and X bands.

In this paper, a multi-layered mushroom-type electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is proposed. A double layer two via EBG (DLTV EBG) structure is designed at 1.65 GHz. The proposed DLTV-EBG structure consists of a two-layer dielectric substrate, which reduces the lateral sizes due to a multilayer topology. By adjusting the patch dimensions and positions of the vias, the center frequency, and equivalent L and C parameters meet design requirements. In a DLTV-EBG, layer-1 has a square ring patch; layer-2 has a circular ring; outer square ring patch with 2 edged located vias gives the additional capacitance and inductance to achieve compactness. The simulation of the DLTV-EBG structure is carried out using the Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and experimentally validated. The band gap of the DLTV-EBG structure is measured using suspended microstrip line (SML) method. The Experimental results agree well with simulation one. The periodic size of the proposed DLTV-EBG structure is 0.05λ_{1.65 GHz}, which is a good candidate where compact size is highly desired.

Flux reversal machine (FRM) belongs to the stator permanent magnet (PM) machine, which has the advantages of high reliability, high efficiency, and simple structure. However, large torque ripple and low torque density limit the development prospect of FRMs. Therefore, a wavy rotor FRM (WR-FRM) with curved stator slots is proposed, which can reduce the torque ripple while improving the average torque. The top surface of the rotor tooth consists of three sinusoidal functions, and the stator slots are constructed with a spline curve. To obtain better electromagnetic performance, the multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to optimize the FRM and the WR-FRM. Finally, the electromagnetic performances of the two machines are analyzed and compared by the finite element method. The results show that compared with the FRM, the torque generated by the unit volume of PM is increased by 36.47%, and the torque ripple is reduced by 62.7%.

This paper presents the design of a low-profile circularly polarized dual-beam holographic antenna. Firstly, by employing a novel outer square inner circular (OSIC) structure as the basic unit of the hologram pattern, better performance is achieved for low-profile dielectric substrate holographic antennas. Secondly, a method of four-zone phase co-modulation is used to derive the impedance modulation formula of the hologram pattern. This formula was employed to model and generate a circularly polarized dual-beam holographic antenna, and the feasibility of theoretical analysis is verified through simulation and measurement. The antenna operates within the frequency range of 10.23 GHz to 16.59 GHz, with maximum gains of 16dBi and 15.8dBi for dual beams, respectively. The results indicate that this design method can realize circularly polarized dual-beam holographic antennas and provide some reference for satellite communication applications.

Several communication systems use multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antennas to rapidly broadcast and receive data streams. Several current research works on MIMO antennas for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications were detailed, along with some limitations such as significant mutual coupling and antenna isolation. To address these difficulties, the manuscript presented a novel metamaterial-based dual-band eight-port MIMO antenna for V2X applications. The proposed eight-port MIMO antenna could be applied to V2X applications in the frequency range of 5.6 GHz to 5.8 GHz. The antenna could resonate at two frequencies, namely 5.64 GHz and 5.73 GHz. The MIMO antenna was constructed with a polyimide substrate and a coplanar waveguide feed (CWF) line. To attain better isolation, a plus shape defected ground structure (Plus shape DGS) was used in this research. By using the binary waterwheel plant optimization algorithm, the antenna parameters are optimized. The proposed antenna was analyzed under different parameters such as gain, return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), axial ratio, and other diversity performances of MIMO antenna like Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Mean Effective Coefficient (MEG), and Diversity Gain (DG). The proposed antenna is used in a binary waterwheel plant optimization algorithm for hyperparameter tuning. The proposed antenna obtained return loss values of -36.01 dB and -39 dB at the resonating frequencies of 5.64 GHz and 5.73 GHz, respectively. It achieved gain values of 12.41 dB, 10.7 dB, and ECC values of less than 0.025. The proposed model obtained better results than other models in this comparison analysis.

This paper introduces a 4-port antenna tailored for 5G, operating in the 4.4 to 7.25 GHz (Fractional Bandwidth is 48.9%) range with a 10 dB impedance bandwidth. The operating bandwidth includes the n79 band (4.4-5 GHz), 5G WLAN band (5.125-5.825 GHz), and Wi-Fi 6E band (5.925 to 7.125 GHz). Constructed on a compact FR4 substrate (0.057λ × 0.057λ × 0.0018 λ (where λ is the wavelength at 4.4 GHz), it exhibits robust performance in fabrication and measurements. The single antenna covers a total area as small as 20 × 17.6 mm², which enables the compactness of the MIMO antenna with a gain of up to 6 dBi and 85% radiation efficiency; it supports MIMO with a low correlation coefficient (< 0.02), high diversity gain (up to 9.98 dB), and minimal channel capacity loss (0.25 bps/Hz). The Total Active Reflective Coefficient (TARC) is computed to validate MIMO performance over the operating bandwidth. Featuring bidirectional radiation patterns in both E-plane and H-plane, the antenna is well suited for 5G applications, demonstrating potential for future wireless systems.

A Novel dual-port co-planar wave-guide (CPW)-fed rectangular patch antenna with L-shape and rectangular-shaped slots is proposed for wider impedance bandwidth for wireless communications applications. The dimensions of the overall proposed patch antenna are compact, with a size of 20 × 40 × 0.07 mm³. It operates from 14.6 GHz to 17.4 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 2.8 GHz. The isolation between elements is greater than 15 dB within the band. A peak gain of 6.75 dBi and a reflection coefficient of -30 dB at operating frequency have been observed. The two-port (multiple-input and multiple-output) CPW-fed antenna parameters like envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity loss (CCL), and mean effective gain (MEG) are investigated. Simulated and measured characteristics are found to be satisfactory of proposed antenna model. The proposed antenna has utilized for wireless communication applications.

A miniaturized ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with quadruple reconfigurable characteristics is proposed in this paper. The first step involves the development of an elementary rectangular patch antenna of size 40 × 40 mm², which is subsequently modified to demonstrate UWB properties. To incorporate quad-band notch features, the radiating surface of the patch antenna is etched with four U-shaped slots. The antenna has an impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.2 GHz to 12 GHz, with four specific notches located at 3.3 GHz (3.1-3.5 GHz), 3.8 GHz (3.6 GHz-4 GHz), 4.6 GHz (4.5 GHz-4.7 GHz), and 5.2 GHz (5.1 GHz-5.3 GHz). By incorporating four PIN diodes, the antenna is capable of attaining a range of sixteen reconfigurable states across the UWB spectrum. The design of this system successfully addresses the issue of interference caused by WiMAX, downlink C-band, Indian national satellite system, and Wireless LAN. A prototype is fabricated and tested. The simulated and experimental results are in good agreement.

This paper presents the design of a novel ultra-wideband antenna for Internet of Things applications utilizing metamaterials. The antenna is fed by a coplanar waveguide and comprises several key components: two relatively connected co-directional split-ring resonators with an upper feeder, a ground plane featuring a complementary circular resonant slit, and a double C-shaped nested ring situated on the lower surface of the substrate constitutes the electric inductive capacitive (ELC) element. The antenna's overall dimensions are 0.408 × 0.35 × 0.018λ₀³, enabling it to operate within the dual-band frequencies of 2.79-4.22 GHz (40.8%) and 4.70-5.88 GHz (22.3%). The antenna exhibits a favorable directional pattern across its operating frequency range, with a measured peak gain of approximately 3.93 dBi. This performance makes it suitable for applications in Wi-Fi, 5G communication, IoT, and various other fields requiring reliable wireless connectivity.