In the paper the unified design procedure for planar dipoles oriented on UWB application is proposed. The procedure leads to obtain a good matching characteristic of planar dipoles in UWB frequency band. The design process is split into two parts: the radiator and the balun design. The Radiator Quality Factor (RQF) is defined as an evaluation suitability of planar radiators to be matched in UWB frequency band. Based on RQF, the optimal circular radiator is chosen, and the whole dipole antenna is designed. The general algorithm of antenna design is formulated and utilised in the planar dipole with elliptical arms project. Two antennas, with circular and elliptical arms, have been fabricated and measured in order to verify the design procedure. Both antennas are characterized by the reflection coefficient less than -10 dB from 2 GHz up to 14 GHz.

A new, approximate, uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) based ray solutions are developed for describing the high frequency electromagnetic (EM) wave radiation/coupling mechanisms for antennas on or near a junction between two different thin planar slabs on ground plane. The present solution is obtained by extending the normal incidence solution in order to treat the more general case of skew (or oblique) incidence (three-dimensional 3-D). Plane wave (for oblique or skew incidence) and spherical wave illumination are all considered in this work. Unlike most previous works, which analyze the plane wave scattering by such structures via the Wiener-Hopf (W-H) or Maliuzhinets (MZ) methods, the present development can also treat problems of the radiation by and coupling between antennas near or on finite material coatings on large metallic platforms. In addition, the present solution does not contain the complicated split functions of the W-H solutions nor the complex MZ functions. Unlike the latter methods based on approximate boundary conditions, the present solutions, which are developed via a heuristic spectral synthesis approach, recover the proper local plane wave Fresnel reflection and transmission coefficients and surface wave constants of the material slabs. There is a very good agreement, with less than ± 1 dB differences when the numerical results based on the presented UTD solution for a material junction are compared with that of the MZ solution.

By taking inspiration from [1], a synthesis strategy is proposed for the case of planar arrays and ring shaped patterns which does not require the exploitation of global optimization procedures. In particular, the approach is able to determine a priori (that is, without solving the overall design problem) whether the given power pattern design constraints can be fulfilled or not, and, in the affirmative case, to determine the needed excitation coefficients. Although the approach does not apply to generic planar arrays and generic constraints, it may serve both as a reference solution for more general synthesis procedures, and as an elementary brick for more cumbersome synthesis problems.

A general domain decomposition scheme based on the use of complex sources is presented for the electromagnetic analysis of complex antenna and/or scattering problems. The analysis domain is decomposed into separate subdomains whose interactions are described through a network formalism, where the ports are associated with complex point source (CPS) beams radially emerging from the subdomain boundaries. Each obstacle is independently analyzed with the most appropriate technique and described through a generalized scattering matrix (GSM). Finally, a linear system is constructed, where the excitation vector is given by the complex source expansion of the primary sources. Thanks to the angular selectivity of the CPS beams, the subdomain interactions only involve a small fraction of the beams; thus, yielding sparse moderate size linear systems. Due to the re-usability of the GSMs, the proposed approach is particularly efficient in the context of parametric studies or antenna installation problems. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed strategy.

A new approach to design digitally tunable optical filter system for DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed) optical networks is presented. This digitally tunable optical filter system uses semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and DWDM thin film filter based wavelength selection elements. The design is very easy to configure, expand and reduce. This digitally tunable optical filter system is smaller in size, lesser in weight, cheaper in costt, consumes low power and has better timing performance as compared to digitally tunable optical filter suggested by researchers recently.

This paper presents a multiband folded loop antenna for smart phone applications. The proposed antenna with a symmetric loop pattern generates four resonance modes in the design bands. The current distributions of the excited resonance modes are analyzed to confirm the mode characteristic. Using a pair of tuning elements near the feed port, the impedance bandwidth is broadened to cover GSM850/GSM900/DCS/PCS/UMTS bands. This research performed simulation by a high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) to optimally design the antenna, and a practical structure was constructed to test. The current study measured the antenna parameters including reflection coefficient, radiation characteristics, peak gain, and radiation efficiency to validate the proposed antenna.

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has superior performance to conventional one. It has been introduced to almost every application field of conventional radar in recent years. In practical application, MIMO radar also faces the problem of congested spectrum assignment, which makes it not possible to have a continuous clear band with large bandwidth. Sparse frequency waveform that contains several individual clear bands is a desirable solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose a method to design sparse frequency waveform set with low sidelobes in autocorrelations and cross-correlations by optimizing an objective function constructed based on Power Spectrum Density requirement and sidelobe performances of waveform set. Thus, besides the property of approximate orthogonality, the designed waveforms obtain the ability of avoiding spectrum interference to/from other users. The waveform is phasecoded and thereby has constant modulus. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical studies. Practical implementation issues such as quantization effect and Doppler effect are also discussed.

A novel planar dipole for Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems is presented here. Referring to a realization based on the use of a chip produced by Texas Instruments, the proposed design approach has been numerically and experimentally investigated. Reported results demonstrate that the proposed antenna exhibits good radiation properties and matching (|S11|<-10 dB) over the entire UHF RFID bandwidth (860-960 MHz).

In this paper, the radiation characteristics of the single- element cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna mounted on the surface of a metallic hollow circular cylindrical structure is investigated. The effect of the radius of curvature on the return loss, input impedance, standing wave ratio, and radiation pattern is explored. Mutual coupling between two identical cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas on a cylindrical structure in different configurations is determined. To reduce the mutual coupling between the two antennas, the surface of the cylinderical ground plane is defected by cutting slots, or inserting quarter wavelength grooves between the two antennas. The finite element method and the finite integration technique are used to calculate the radiation characteristics of the antenna.

This paper suggests the design of a novel miniaturized dual-band bandpass filter based on the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial structure. In detail, subwavelength resonators are realized through the zeroth order resonance (ZOR), and inverter structures are proposed to control the coupling between neighboring ZOR resonators. The proposed technique is validated by the EM predictions, the proof of metamaterial properties with the ZOR field distributions and extracted constitutive parameters, and measurements. It is found that the suggested method enables the remarkable size reduction from the conventional filters such as the parallel coupled type which is designed on the basis of the half-wavelength resonance.

A novel interpolation scheme based on Adaptive Integral Method (AIM) is presented to solve electrically large radiation problem of conducting surface/surface configurations. For a complex structure that involves wires and surfaces, three basis functions must be assigned to surfaces, wires and wire/surface junctions. To simplify this, the thin strips with no thickness instead of wires are proposed, and the wire/surface junctions can be replaced by surface/surface junctions, thus it is only necessary to define a uniform basis function. The Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) is solved using the Method of Moments (MoM) to obtain the equivalent surface current on PEC surfaces. To facilitate the analysis of electrically large radiation problem, the interpolation scheme based on AIM is employed to accelerate the matrix-vector multiplications and reduce matrix storage. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the technique.

This paper describes the alternating-direction implicit finite-difference time-domain (ADI-FDTD) method for physical modeling of high-frequency semiconductor devices. The model contains the semiconductor equations in conjunction with the Maxwell's equations which describe the complete behavior of high-frequency active devices. Using ADI approach leads to a significant reduction of the full-wave simulation time. We can reach over 99% reduction in the simulation time by using this technique while still have a good degree of accuracy compared to the conventional approaches. As the first step in the performance investigation, we use the electrons flow equations in the absence of holes and recombination as semiconductor equations in this paper.

Efficient embedded antennas are needed for future wireless structural health monitoring. The input return loss and transmission losses of a dipole, a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), a microstrip patch, and a loop antenna are studied at around 2.45 GHz when these antennas are embedded inside a concrete cylinder. Antenna performance is investigated in free-space, in air dried concrete and in saturated concrete with and without the presence of steel reinforcements. It is observed that the maximum transmission loss for a distance of 250 mm between antennas is around 50 dB which is acceptable for inside the bridge wireless communication between sensors.

In this work, a hybrid method which combines time domain integral equation method (TDIE) with time domain physical optics method (TDPO) is presented for the problem of TM transient scattering from two-dimensional (2-D) combinative conducting targets. The explicit solution of Marching-On-in-Time (MOT) is developed. The high accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method are demonstrated by comparing the numerical results of this hybrid method with those obtained by TDIE. To obtain 2-D transient far scattered field, a concise algorithm about time-domain near-zone to far-zone transformation without double Fourier transform is presented for TDIE and hybrid method, and its numerical results are verified by comparing with results obtained from inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) techniques.

For an harmonic plane wave impinging on a perfectly reflecting smooth plane the total field, incident and reflected, satisfying on this plane a Dirichlet or Neumann boundaray condition, has an integral representation that we extend to the specular reflection from a perfectly reflecting rough plane. To make this generalization possible, some constraints must be imposed on the wavelength of the incident field and on the rough amplitude to make the diffuse field negligible so that only the coherent field is important and we may use the fact that the coherent power is identical to that of a smooth surface. This generalized integral representation supplies an approximation of the coherent field valid far from the rough plane. We limit the discussion to acoustic, TE, TM electromagnetic wave incident on 1D-perfectly reflecting rough planes with roughness described by zig-zag functions piecewise linear with opposite slop on adjacent intervalls.

In this paper, the problem of designing linear antenna arrays for specific radiation properties is dealt with. The design problem is modeled as a single optimization problem. The objectives of this work are to minimize the maximum side lobe level (SLL) and perform null steering for isotropic linear antenna arrays by controlling different parameters of the array elements (position, amplitude, and phase). The optimization is performed using two techniques: Taguchi's optimization method and the self-adaptive differential evolution (SADE) technique. The advantage of Taguchi's optimization technique is the ability of solving problems with a high degree of complexity using a small number of experiments in the optimization process. Taguchi's method is easy to implement and converges to the desired goal quickly in comparison with gradient-based methods and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Results obtained using Taguchi's method are in very good agreement with those obtained using the SADE technique.

The problem of determining the eigenmodes of a rectangular waveguide with one hard wall formed by longitudinal corrugations with grooves filled with dielectric is considered. The characteristic equation is derived by using the asymptotic boundary conditions for corrugated surfaces. It is shown analytically that if the groove depth is equal to the value 0.25λ/(ε-1)^1/2 corresponding to the hard wall condition, the TE eigenmode spectrum of the waveguide contains an infinite set of new non-uniform quasi-TEM modes with different transverse propagation constants in the empty part and identical longitudinal propagation constants equal to the wavenumber k. Analytical solution for the case of excitation of the waveguide by a specified source is given, and an example of forming local quasi-TEM waves is considered and discussed.

Possibilities for the extension of the operational frequency band of slotted waveguide antennas are studied. It is shown that by using both conventional longitudinal slots and subarraying techniques it is possible to reach the relative bandwidth of about 15%. This result is illustrated by the development of a novel slotted waveguide antenna for high-resolution SAR applications. The antenna operates in the X-band and forms the beam of 4°×6° with the gain of about 30 dB.

By inserting a dielectric layer, covered by a grounded metal plane, into a hollow rectangular waveguide (HRWG), a planar rectangular waveguide (PRWG) is structured. It is a new candidate solution for both MMIC and hybrid planar RF circuit applications. An intensive numerical analysis of the PRWG is conducted by a 2-D FDTD method. The propagation characteristics of the PRWG with different physical dimensions and electrical parameters are presented. This analysis shows that the PRWG can give an alterable single mode working bandwidth for dominant mode compared with the HRWG, and the size of the transverse section of the PRWG is smaller than the HRWG under the same cutoff frequency of dominant mode.

Microwave hyperthermia is a non-invasive treatment for cancer which exploits a selective heating of tissues induced through focused electromagnetic fields. In order to improve the treatment's efficiency, while minimizing side effects, it is necessary to achieve a constrained focusing of the field radiated by the sources. To address this issue, in this paper we present an innovative and computationally effective approach to the field focusing for hyperthermia. The proposed method, after establishing the number of sources to be used, determines the excitations of the given set of sources such to produce a maximum field in a given region of space subject to a completely arbitrary mask for the field amplitude in all other regions. As the approach relies on a formulation of the problem in terms of convex programming, it is able to achieve the globally optimal solution without the adoption of computationally intensive global optimization procedures. A preliminary assessment of the feasibility is given on hyperthermia therapy of breast cancer by means of numerical examples run on realistic 2D phantoms of female breast.