Vol. 37
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERB 105 [2024] PIERB 104 [2024] PIERB 103 [2023] PIERB 102 [2023] PIERB 101 [2023] PIERB 100 [2023] PIERB 99 [2023] PIERB 98 [2023] PIERB 97 [2022] PIERB 96 [2022] PIERB 95 [2022] PIERB 94 [2021] PIERB 93 [2021] PIERB 92 [2021] PIERB 91 [2021] PIERB 90 [2021] PIERB 89 [2020] PIERB 88 [2020] PIERB 87 [2020] PIERB 86 [2020] PIERB 85 [2019] PIERB 84 [2019] PIERB 83 [2019] PIERB 82 [2018] PIERB 81 [2018] PIERB 80 [2018] PIERB 79 [2017] PIERB 78 [2017] PIERB 77 [2017] PIERB 76 [2017] PIERB 75 [2017] PIERB 74 [2017] PIERB 73 [2017] PIERB 72 [2017] PIERB 71 [2016] PIERB 70 [2016] PIERB 69 [2016] PIERB 68 [2016] PIERB 67 [2016] PIERB 66 [2016] PIERB 65 [2016] PIERB 64 [2015] PIERB 63 [2015] PIERB 62 [2015] PIERB 61 [2014] PIERB 60 [2014] PIERB 59 [2014] PIERB 58 [2014] PIERB 57 [2014] PIERB 56 [2013] PIERB 55 [2013] PIERB 54 [2013] PIERB 53 [2013] PIERB 52 [2013] PIERB 51 [2013] PIERB 50 [2013] PIERB 49 [2013] PIERB 48 [2013] PIERB 47 [2013] PIERB 46 [2013] PIERB 45 [2012] PIERB 44 [2012] PIERB 43 [2012] PIERB 42 [2012] PIERB 41 [2012] PIERB 40 [2012] PIERB 39 [2012] PIERB 38 [2012] PIERB 37 [2012] PIERB 36 [2012] PIERB 35 [2011] PIERB 34 [2011] PIERB 33 [2011] PIERB 32 [2011] PIERB 31 [2011] PIERB 30 [2011] PIERB 29 [2011] PIERB 28 [2011] PIERB 27 [2011] PIERB 26 [2010] PIERB 25 [2010] PIERB 24 [2010] PIERB 23 [2010] PIERB 22 [2010] PIERB 21 [2010] PIERB 20 [2010] PIERB 19 [2010] PIERB 18 [2009] PIERB 17 [2009] PIERB 16 [2009] PIERB 15 [2009] PIERB 14 [2009] PIERB 13 [2009] PIERB 12 [2009] PIERB 11 [2009] PIERB 10 [2008] PIERB 9 [2008] PIERB 8 [2008] PIERB 7 [2008] PIERB 6 [2008] PIERB 5 [2008] PIERB 4 [2008] PIERB 3 [2008] PIERB 2 [2008] PIERB 1 [2008]
2011-12-31
Robust Adaptive Beamforming Using a Fully Data-Dependent Loading Technique
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 37, 307-325, 2012
Abstract
This paper deals with adaptive array beamforming in the presence of errors due to steering vector mismatch and finite sample effect. Diagonal loading (DL) is one of the widely used techniques for dealing with these errors. However, the main drawback of DL techniques is that there is not an easy and reliable manner to determine the required loading factor. Recently, serval DL approaches proposed the so-called automatic scheme on computing the required loading factor. In this paper, we propose a fully data-dependent loading to overcome the difficulties. The novelty is that the proposed method does not require any additional sophisticated scheme to choose the required loading. The loading factor can be completely obtained from the received array data. Analytical formulas for evaluating the performance of the proposed method under random steering vector error are further derived. Simulation results are provided to confirm the validity of the proposed method and make comparison with the existing DL methods.
Citation
Chia-Cheng Huang, and Ju-Hong Lee, "Robust Adaptive Beamforming Using a Fully Data-Dependent Loading Technique," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 37, 307-325, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERB11110406
References

1. Capon, J., "High resolution frequency-wavenumber spectrumanalysis ," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 57, 1408-1418, Aug. 196.
doi:10.1109/PROC.1969.7278

2. Van Trees, H. L., Optimum Array Processing, Part IV of Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, John & Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, USA, 2002.

3. Monzingo, R. A. and T.W. Miller, "Introduction to Adaptive Array," Wiley, New York, 1980.

4. Carlson, B. D., "Covariance matrix estimation errors and diagonal loading in adaptive arrays ," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., Vol. 24, 397-401, Jul. 1988.
doi:10.1109/7.7181

5. Wax, M. and Y. Anu, "Performance analysis of the minimum variance beamformer," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, Vol. 44, 928-937, Apr. 1996.
doi:10.1109/78.492545

6. Wax, M. and Y. Anu, "Performance analysis of the minimum variance beamformer in the presence of steering vector errors," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, Vol. 44, 938-947, Apr. 1996.
doi:10.1109/78.492546

7. Feldman, D. D. and L. J. Griffiths, "A projection approach for robust adaptive beamforming," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, Vol. 42, 867-876, Apr. 1994.
doi:10.1109/78.285650

8. Cox, H., R. M. Zeskind, and M. H. Owen, "Robust adaptive beamforming," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, Vol. 35, 1365-1376, Oct. 1987.
doi:10.1109/TASSP.1987.1165054

9. Lee, C.-C. and J.-H. Lee, "Robust adaptive array beamforming under steering vector errors," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 45, 168-175, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.611256

10. Li, Y., Y.-J. Gu, Z.-G. Shi, and K. S. Chen, "Robust adaptive beamforming based on particle filter with noise unknown," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 90, 151-169, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09010302

11. Wang, W., R. Wu, and J. Liang, "A novel diagonal loading method for robust adaptive beamforming," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 18, 245-255, 2011.

12. Vincent, F. and O. Besson, "Steering vector errors and diagonal loading," IEE Proc. Radar Sonar Navig., Vol. 151, No. 6, 337-343, Dec. 2004.
doi:10.1049/ip-rsn:20041069

13. Li, J., P. Stoica, and Z. Wang, "On robust capon beamforming and diagonal loading," IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 51, No. 7, 1702-1715, Jul. 2003.

14. Lorenz, R. G. and S. P. Boyd, "Robust minimum variance beamforming," IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 53, No. 5, 1684-1696, May 2005.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2005.845436

15. Vorobyov, S., A. B. Gershman, and Z.-Q. Luo, "Robust adaptive beamforming using worst-case performance optimization: A solution to the signal mismatch problem ," IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 51, 313-324, Feb. 2003.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2002.806865

16. Gu, J., "Robust beamforming based on variable loading," Electronics Letters, Vol. 41, No. 2, Jan. 2005.
doi:10.1049/el:20057279

17. Gu, J. and P. J. Wolfe, "Robust adaptive beamforming using variable loading," Fourth IEEE Workshop on Sensor Array and Multichannel Processing, 1-5, Jul. 2006.

18. Selén, Y., R. Abrahamsson, and P. Stoica, "Automatic robust adaptive beamforming via ridge regression," Signal Processing, Vol. 88, No. 1, 33-49, 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2007.07.003

19. Li, J., L. Du, and P. Stoica, "Fully automatic computation of diagonal loading levels for robust adaptive beamforming," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., Vol. 46, No. 1, 449-458, Jan. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2010.5417150

20. Yang, J., X. H. Ma, C. H. Hou, and Y. Liu, "Automatic generalized loading for robust adaptive beamforming," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., Vol. 16, No. 3, 219-222, Mar. 2009.
doi:10.1109/LSP.2008.2010807

21. Du, L., T. Yardibi, J. Li, and P. Stoica, "Review of user parameter-free robust adaptive beamforming algorithms," Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 19, No. 4, 567-582, Jul. 2009.
doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2009.02.001

22. Besson, O. and F. Vincent, "Performance analysis of beamformers using generalized loading of the covariance matrix in the presence of random steering vector errors," IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 53, 452-459, Feb. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2004.840777

23. Chang, L. and C. C. Yeh, "Performance of DMI and eigenspace-based beamformers," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 40, No. 11, 1336-1347, Nov. 1992.
doi:10.1109/8.202711

24. Yu, L., W. Liu, and R. Langley, "SINR analysis of the subtraction-based SMI beamformer," IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Vol. 58, No. 11, 5926-5932, Nov. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2010.2058801

25. Olen, C. A. and R. T. Compton Jr., "A numerical pattern synthesis algorithm for arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 38, 1666-1676, Oct. 1990.

26. Zhou, P. Y. and M. A. Ingram, "Pattern synthesis for arbitrary arrays using an adaptive array method," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 47, No. 5, 862-869, May 1999.
doi:10.1109/8.774142