In this paper we present the three-dimensional finite element time domain model of the human eye exposed to pulsed holmium: YAG laser radiation used in thermokeratoplasty procedure. The model is based on the Pennes' bioheat transfer equation and takes into account the focusing action of the lens. The absorption of laser energy inside the eye tissues is modeled using the Lambert-Beer's law. Model takes into account the pulse temporal profile. The maximum temperature values obtained from steady state and transient analysis are compared against those reported from other papers. Finally, sensitivity analysis of several parameters on the calculated temperature field is carried out.

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) low-loss and wideband BPF based on lowtemperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) has been presented for 60 GHz wireless communication applications. Via pads in the vertical via transitions are designed as an additional resonator for lowloss and wide-bandwidth of the BPF. The proposed BPF has been designed by investigating its characteristics as a function of dimensions of the resonators such as a single-mode patch and via pads and also a length of feed lines are optimized for effective coupling. The designed BPF was fabricated in a 6-layer LTCC dielectric. The fabricated BPF shows a centre frequency (fc) of 61.46 GHz and a 3dB bandwidth of 10.5% from 58.2 to 64.7 GHz (6.47 GHz). An insertion loss of -2.88 dB at fc and return losses below -10 dB are achieved. Its whole size is 4.72 × 1.7 × 0.684 mm³.

In this paper, an efficient method to obtain the elements current distribution for a non uniformly spaced array is presented. For a given far field pattern, after sampling the array factor the proposed method uses the least mean square error technique to solve the system ofequations rather than solving the previously published Legendre function method. It's shown that the average side lob level obtained by this proposed method is some 5 dB lower in comparison with the existing Legendre function method ofsolution. Ifthe Legendre function method published in the literature is to be used to solve for the current distribution, in the final part ofthis paper, a criteria on how to choose suitable vectors that would result in a 3 dB lower side lobe level performance will be provided.

An exponentially tapered structure is introduced into multimode interference (MMI) devices. Compared with a parabolically tapered structure,which has been successfully used in MMI devices, this structure can further reduce the length of these devices. The performances of the 1 × 2 MMI coupler with exponentially tapered structure,such as the optical transmission,the wavelength response and the fabrication tolerance,are investigated by the 2D finite difference beam propagation method. Results show that the exponentially tapered MMI coupler exhibits a similar property to that with a parabolically tapered structure.

A LAser raDAR (LADAR) system was described in previous papers for detecting and tracking cooperative targets. The LADAR system was optimized to achieve accurate tracking with a high probability of detection and low False Alarm Rate (FAR). However, the operation range was limited to about thirty km's under clear sky conditions and less in low visibility and bad weather conditions. To obtain operation ranges in the order of hundreds km's without affecting tracking accuracy a LADAR/RADAR dual mode system was developed. Moreover, very bulky, expensive and powerful RADAR equipments are required. In this paper, we propose a tactical mobile tracking LADAR/RADAR systems based on a multi-mode LADAR/RADAR combination using active transponders on cooperative targets for predetection and tracking at higher range distances. The optimal solution described in this paper is based on a six-step multimode operation procedure, which starts from an L-band active transponder for maximal distance detection and tracking, and with decreasing distance it switches to an L-band RADAR , Ka-band RADAR with and without active transponder, LADAR with transponder and then to a LADAR without transponder for the final tracking step. Although relatively complicated (6 steps), our proposed solution requires significantly lower power levels and produces less radio interference than the former dualmode system as shown in Table 1.