Vol. 96
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERB 109 [2024] PIERB 108 [2024] PIERB 107 [2024] PIERB 106 [2024] PIERB 105 [2024] PIERB 104 [2024] PIERB 103 [2023] PIERB 102 [2023] PIERB 101 [2023] PIERB 100 [2023] PIERB 99 [2023] PIERB 98 [2023] PIERB 97 [2022] PIERB 96 [2022] PIERB 95 [2022] PIERB 94 [2021] PIERB 93 [2021] PIERB 92 [2021] PIERB 91 [2021] PIERB 90 [2021] PIERB 89 [2020] PIERB 88 [2020] PIERB 87 [2020] PIERB 86 [2020] PIERB 85 [2019] PIERB 84 [2019] PIERB 83 [2019] PIERB 82 [2018] PIERB 81 [2018] PIERB 80 [2018] PIERB 79 [2017] PIERB 78 [2017] PIERB 77 [2017] PIERB 76 [2017] PIERB 75 [2017] PIERB 74 [2017] PIERB 73 [2017] PIERB 72 [2017] PIERB 71 [2016] PIERB 70 [2016] PIERB 69 [2016] PIERB 68 [2016] PIERB 67 [2016] PIERB 66 [2016] PIERB 65 [2016] PIERB 64 [2015] PIERB 63 [2015] PIERB 62 [2015] PIERB 61 [2014] PIERB 60 [2014] PIERB 59 [2014] PIERB 58 [2014] PIERB 57 [2014] PIERB 56 [2013] PIERB 55 [2013] PIERB 54 [2013] PIERB 53 [2013] PIERB 52 [2013] PIERB 51 [2013] PIERB 50 [2013] PIERB 49 [2013] PIERB 48 [2013] PIERB 47 [2013] PIERB 46 [2013] PIERB 45 [2012] PIERB 44 [2012] PIERB 43 [2012] PIERB 42 [2012] PIERB 41 [2012] PIERB 40 [2012] PIERB 39 [2012] PIERB 38 [2012] PIERB 37 [2012] PIERB 36 [2012] PIERB 35 [2011] PIERB 34 [2011] PIERB 33 [2011] PIERB 32 [2011] PIERB 31 [2011] PIERB 30 [2011] PIERB 29 [2011] PIERB 28 [2011] PIERB 27 [2011] PIERB 26 [2010] PIERB 25 [2010] PIERB 24 [2010] PIERB 23 [2010] PIERB 22 [2010] PIERB 21 [2010] PIERB 20 [2010] PIERB 19 [2010] PIERB 18 [2009] PIERB 17 [2009] PIERB 16 [2009] PIERB 15 [2009] PIERB 14 [2009] PIERB 13 [2009] PIERB 12 [2009] PIERB 11 [2009] PIERB 10 [2008] PIERB 9 [2008] PIERB 8 [2008] PIERB 7 [2008] PIERB 6 [2008] PIERB 5 [2008] PIERB 4 [2008] PIERB 3 [2008] PIERB 2 [2008] PIERB 1 [2008]
2022-10-13
PIER B
Vol. 96, 213-233, 2022
download: 346
Leakage Magnetic Field Calculation and Optimization of Double Inverse Series Coil Structure of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Systems
Zhongqi Li , Pengsheng Kong , Liquan Ren , Xinbo Xiong , Junjun Li , Wei Wu and Huadong Liu
In the wireless power transfer (WPT) system of electric vehicles, low electromagnetic field (EMF) shielding will reduce transfer efficiency. How to reduce leakage EMF and obtain a high transfer efficiency is a difficult problem. In this paper, a double inverse series coil (DISC) structure is proposed to reduce the leakage EMF of WPT systems. First, a calculation method of EMF for rectangular coils is proposed, and the leakage EMF distribution characteristics of the coil structure on the target surface are analysed according to the proposed calculation method. Secondly, an optimization method with the optimal leakage EMF effect of the target surface is given. The parameters of each coil that meet the design requirements are obtained based on the proposed optimization method. Finally, according to the obtained coil parameters, a set of WPT system based on DISC structure is developed, and the correctness of the proposed structure and method is verified by simulated and measured results. The results show that with applying the DISC structure, the maximum leakage EMF in WPT system is only 9.56 μT on target surface without additional shielding, and the transfer efficiency is up to 95%.
Leakage Magnetic Field Calculation and Optimization of Double Inverse Series Coil Structure of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Systems
2022-10-06
PIER B
Vol. 96, 197-212, 2022
download: 271
A Linear-Complexity Layer-Coupling Algorithm for 1D- and 2D-Periodic Scattering in Multilayered Media
Loes Frederique Van Rijswijk , Frank Jaco Buijnsters and Martijn Constant van Beurden
The formulation of a matrix-vector product with linear complexity for layer-coupling is discussed in the context of scattering by periodic dielectric scatterers embedded in a layered medium and formulated as a spectral-domain volume integral. It is shown how a traditional formulation in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients can be modified to arrive at an algorithm of linear complexity if used as a matrix-vector product. The computational performance scheme is demonstrated for stacks in which scattering objects are distributed over hundreds of layers.
A Linear-complexity Layer-coupling Algorithm for 1D- and 2D-periodic Scattering in Multilayered Media
2022-10-02
PIER B
Vol. 96, 173-195, 2022
download: 204
Mask-Constrained Synthesis of Domino-Like Tiled Phased Arrays
Luca Tosi and Arianna Benoni
In this work, the mask-constrained synthesis of domino-tiled phased arrays is addressed. By exploiting tiling theorems and theory, optimal and sub-optimal methods for the synthesis of domino arrangements and the corresponding excitations that minimize the deviation of the radiation pattern from a user-defined power mask are presented. A set of numerical examples, carried out with full-wave simulators and concerned with different aperture sizes and various mask shapes, is reported to assess the effectiveness, limitations, and ranges of computationally-admissible applicability of the proposed methods.
MASK-CONSTRAINED SYNTHESIS OF DOMINO-LIKE TILED PHASED ARRAYS
2022-09-25
PIER B
Vol. 96, 153-172, 2022
download: 265
Divergence Error Based p-Adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Solution of Time-Domain Maxwell's Equations
Apurva Tiwari and Avijit Chatterjee
⋅A p-adaptive discontinuous Galerkin time-domain method is developed to obtain high-order solutions to electromagnetic scattering problems. A novel feature of the proposed method is the use of divergence error to drive the p-adaptive method. The nature of divergence error is explored, and that it is a direct consequence of the act of discretization is established. Its relation with relative truncation error is formed which enables the use of divergence error as an inexpensive proxy to truncation error. Divergence error is used as an indicator to dynamically identify and assign spatial operators of varying accuracy to substantial regions in the computational domain. This results in a reduced computational cost compared to a comparable discontinuous Galerkin time-domain solution using uniform degree piecewise polynomial bases throughout. Numerical results are presented to show performance of the proposed divergence error based p-adaptive solutions. It is shown that an accuracy similar to that of uniformly higher order solutions is obtained in terms of the scattering width, using fewer degrees of freedom.
Divergence Error Based p-adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Solution of Time-domain Maxwell's Equations
2022-09-24
PIER B
Vol. 96, 133-152, 2022
download: 275
Full Wave Modeling of Electromagnetic Scattering by an Object Buried Between Two Rough Surfaces: Application to GPR
Marc Songolo , Nicolas Pinel and Christophe Bourlier
In this paper, we present an efficient numerical method to calculate the frequency and time responses of the field scattered by an object buried between two random rough surfaces for a 2-D problem. This method is called Generalized PILE (GPILE) method because it extends the PILE method which considers only two surfaces or an object buried under a surface. The GPILE method solves the Maxwell equations rigourously by using a simple matrix formulation. The obtained results have a straightforward physical interpretation and allow us to investigate the influence of the object buried between the two rough surfaces. We distinguish the primary echo of the upper surface, the multiple echoes coming from the lower surface and those arising from the object. The GPILE method is applied to simulate the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signal at nadir. The resulting time response helps the user to detect the presence of the object buried between the two random rough surfaces.
FULL WAVE MODELING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING BY AN OBJECT BURIED BETWEEN TWO ROUGH SURFACES: APPLICATION TO GPR
2022-08-24
PIER B
Vol. 96, 87-132, 2022
download: 366
A Review on Metamaterial Application in Microstrip and Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna Designs
Wriddhi Bhowmik , Bhargav Appasani , Amit K. Jha and Shweta Srivastava
Metamaterials are artificially configured composite materials exhibiting unique characteristics such as negative effective permittivity and permeability. Due to these distinctive characteristics, metamaterials have drawn special attention in designing novel antenna structures and improving antenna performances. The application of metamaterial in antenna technology significantly brings miniaturization to the antenna structure, enhances the impedance bandwidth, gain, and efficiency of the antenna as well as improves isolation between the MIMO antenna elements. The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) reduces the conductor and dielectric loss, and surface waεve excitations in the antennas. Although an overview of the performance enhancement of microstrip patch antennas under the influence of metamaterial has been incorporated in this article, the authors have put more effort in presenting a detailed study on working mechanism of metamaterial-based SIW antennas. Thus, a detailed review of the novel designs of metamaterial-inspired SIW cavity-backed slot antennas (CBSA), leaky-wave antennas (LWA), aperture antennas, and H-plane horn antennas has been included. The theoretical background of the metamaterials characteristics has been presented. Moreover, the working principles of metamaterial-based SIW CBSAs, SIW LWAs, SIW aperture antennas, and SIW H-plane horn antennas have been thoroughly outlined in obtaining antenna miniaturization, gain enhancement, beam steering through frequency scanning, polarization flexibility, bandwidth broadening, and isolation improvement. Besides this, a study has also been included in eliminating the limitations of SIW on-chip antennas such as narrow bandwidth, low gain, and efficiency by including metamaterial/metasurface in the antenna designs. Although the emphasis has been given to elaborating the attractive antenna performances, some design limitations have also been identified, and those need further investigation. This survey brings up not only the conceptual framework of the attractive characteristics of metamaterial, the design methodology of the non-resonant type metamaterial in the SIW environment, and the working principles of metamaterial-inspired SIW antennas but also the design limitations. Thus, consideration can be given to this article as the potential design guidelines of the metamaterial-based SIW antennas, and possible ideas can be obtained for doing further advanced research on the identified research gaps.
A Review on Metamaterial Application in Microstrip and Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna Designs
2022-08-04
PIER B
Vol. 96, 67-86, 2022
download: 477
Broadband Radar Cross Section Reduction of Microstrip Antenna Using Polarization Conversion Metasurface
Krunal Patel and Manjusha Joshi
Low-Radar Cross Section antennas attract substantial attention in Stealth Technology. The Radar Cross Section reduction performance of the microstrip antennas should be improved since they contribute to the overall Radar Cross Section. A novel microstrip patch antenna with a polarization converter metasurface is proposed to extend the Radar Cross Section (RCS) reduction bandwidth. The metasurface uses metallic strip structures to obtain the required polarization conversion for Radar Cross Section reduction. The proposed patch antenna shows the overall RCS reduction bandwidth of 7.25 GHz-24.83 GHz (110%) as compared to the metal sheet and the Reference Patch antenna. 10 dB RCS reduction is obtained from 8.33 GHz-9.16 GHz (9.49%) and from 12.81 GHz-18.85 GHz (38.16%) as compared with the Reference Patch antenna. The RCS reduction of the antenna and the antenna radiation patterns are verified by numerical simulations and experimental observations. The main novelty of the proposed design is its wideband RCS reduction for Transverse Electric as well as Transverse Magnetic polarization with enhancement in antenna radiation pattern parameters. Significant RCS reduction can also be obtained for oblique incidence.
BROADBAND RADAR CROSS SECTION REDUCTION OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING POLARIZATION CONVERSION METASURFACE
2022-07-27
PIER B
Vol. 96, 39-66, 2022
download: 616
Design Consideration, Challenges and Measurement Aspects of 5G mm -Wave Antennas: a Review
Ashok Kumar , Ashok Kumar , Ping Jack Soh and Arjun Kumar
With the supersonic growth of mobile data demand, the fifth generation (5G) mobile network would exploit the extensive amount of spectrum in the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) bands to tremendously increase communication capacity. There are conceptual differences between mm-Wave communications and other existing communication systems, in terms of high propagation loss, directivity, and sensitivity to blockage. These characteristics of mm-Wave communications present several challenges to completely exploit the potential of mm-Wave communications, including integrated circuits and system design, interference management, spatial reuse, anti-blockage, and dynamics control. 5G mobile communication systems with sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave bands are already replacing 4G and 4.5G systems as an evolution towards higher-speed mobile communication and wider bandwidth. From the hardware perspective, the 5G-band causes the miniaturization of RF components including the antennas. In this article, an overview of recent research is presented that discusses design challenges and measurement considerations for various types of compact 5G antennas.
DESIGN CONSIDERATION, CHALLENGES AND MEASUREMENT ASPECTS OF 5G MM-WAVE ANTENNAS: A REVIEW
2022-07-22
PIER B
Vol. 96, 19-38, 2022
download: 317
A Compact Two-Port MIMO Antenna with Suppressed Mutual Coupling for IoT Applications
Rashmi Roges , Praveen Kumar Malik , Sandeep Sharma and Anita Gehlot
Compact antenna with good performance characteristics is always preferred for small IoT (Internet of Things) sensor nodes. The novelty of this proposed work is not in terms of design but in terms of application as Log-Periodic antennas has been so far used for UHF/VHF (Ultra High Frequency/Very High Frequency) and TV reception applications, and in this paper, the advantages of Log-Periodic structure have been exploited for IoT applications. This antenna design consists of two Log-Periodic like structured radiating elements on an FR4 substrate of 1.6\,mm thickness. The compact antenna of size of 15 mm×17 mm covers a bandwidth ranging from 2.01 GHz to 4.04 GHz including the WiMAX (2.3 GHz-2.4 GHz, 2.5 GHz-2.7 GHz and 3.4 GHz-3.6 GHz) and WLAN (2.4 GHz and 3.6 GHz) frequency bands. This system employs Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technique to obtain the required range of bandwidth of operation, for improving the isolation and obtaining mutual coupling suppression between the two individual elements. This miniaturized cheap antenna has a very low ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficient) value and all other MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) parameters in acceptable range. The isolation obtained over the entire range of operation is below -30 dB, and the performance efficiency is as good as 92.8% with a maximum gain of 2.9 dB. The simulated and measured results of the antenna system are also found to be in good agreement. The MIMO system can be considered as a good candidate for medium range IoT applications for its small size and good performance.
A COMPACT TWO-PORT MIMO ANTENNA WITH SUPPRESSED MUTUAL COUPLING FOR IOT APPLICATIONS
2022-06-21
PIER B
Vol. 96, 1-18, 2022
download: 425
A Low-Cost Miniaturized Flower-Shaped Printed Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for UWB Applications
Nella Anveshkumar , Jai Mangal , Das Sudipta , Boddapati Taraka Phani Madhav and Wael Abd Ellatif Ali
This paper reports a novel, cost effective, and compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for applications in an unlicensed-frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz. To achieve the UWB operation, a novel concept of annular shapes, circular slot combinations, and partial ground is employed. Furthermore, the proposed antenna with novel configuration occupies an attractive size of only 18×12 mm2 which allows compatibility with portable UWB application devices. This flower-horn shaped UWB antenna is printed on a cost-effective FR-4 substrate, which exhibits a dielectric-constant of 4.4 and a loss-tangent of 0.019. The fabricated prototype is experimentally tested, and measured results validate the design approach of presented UWB antenna. The measured results confirm its UWB characteristics covering 3.1-11.2 GHz with S11 ≤ -10 dB. Also, a maximum peak-gain of 5.05 dBi at 9 GHz and a minimum radiation-efficiency of 94.35% are noted in the full operating-band. A good agreement has been obtained between the simulated and measured results in terms of reflection-coefficient, gain, radiation-efficiency, radiation patterns and group delay which confirm the suitability of suggested small printed antenna for the intended UWB applications.
A LOW-COST MINIATURIZED FLOWER-SHAPED PRINTED ANTENNA WITH ENHANCED BANDWIDTH FOR UWB APPLICATIONS