volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A design method for four-port crossover with arbitrary phase delay is proposed in this paper. This method is based on admittance matrix. Closed-form design formulations are deduced by making the structure admittance matrix equal to theoretical one. A crossover with 45˚ phase delay is designed and fabricated for theory verification. In the Butler beam forming network, this crossover has two functions for making the elimination of the 45˚ phase shifter possible and being used for circuit layout. Thus compact structure and good performance of Butler network can be realized.

1. Zheng, N., L. Zhou, and W.-Y. Yin, "A novel dual-band II-shaped branch-line coupler with stepped-impedance stubs," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 25, 11-20, 2011. Google Scholar

2. Wong, Y. S., S. Y. Zheng, and W. S. Chan, "Multifolded bandwidth branch line coupler with filtering characteristic using coupled port feeding," Progress In Electromagnetics Research , Vol. 118, 17-35, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11041401 Google Scholar

3. Han, L., K. Wu, and X.-P. Chen, "Accurate synthesis of four-line interdigitated coupler," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Tech., Vol. 57, No. 10, 2444-2455, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2009.2029630 Google Scholar

4. Xu, H.-X., G.-M. Wang, and J.-G. Liang, "Novel CRLH TL metamaterial and compact microstrip branch-line coupler application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 20, 173-186, 2011. Google Scholar

5. Zhang, J. and X.-W. Sun, "Harmonic suppression of branch-line and rat-race coupler using complementary spilt ring resonators (CSRR) cell," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 2, 73-79, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL07122702 Google Scholar

6. Caloz, C., A. Sanada, and T. Itoh, "A novel composite right-/left-handed coupled-line directional coupler with arbitrary coupling level and broad bandwidth," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Tech., Vol. 52, No. 3, 980-992, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.823579 Google Scholar

7. Elhiwaris, M. Y. O., S. K. B. A. Rahim, U. A. K. Okonkwo, N. M. Jizat, and M. F. Jamlos, "Miniaturized size branch line coupler using open stubs with high-low impedances," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 23, 65-74, 2011. Google Scholar

8. Zhu, J., Y. Zhou, and J. Liu, "Miniaturization of broadband 3-dB branch-line coupler," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 24, 169-176, 2011. Google Scholar

9. Sun, K.-O., S.-J. Ho, C.-C. Yen, and D. V. D. Weide, "A compact branch-line coupler using discontinuous microstrip lines," IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., Vol. 15, No. 8, 519-520, 2005.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2005.852789 Google Scholar

10. Liu, G.-Q., L.-S. Wu, and W.-Y. Yin, "A Compact microstrip rat-race coupler with modified lange and T-shaped arms," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 115, 509-523, 2011. Google Scholar

11. Kim, J.-S. and K.-B. Kong, "Compact branch-line coupler for harmonic suppression," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 16, 233-239, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERC10083011 Google Scholar

12. Kuo, J.-T. and C.-H. Tsai, "Generalized synthesis of rat race ring coupler and its application to circuit miniaturization," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 108, 51-64, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10071705 Google Scholar

13. Park, M.-J. and B. Lee, "Design of ring couplers for arbitrary power division with 50Ω lines," IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., Vol. 21, No. 4, 185-187, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2011.2112341 Google Scholar

14. Hayati, M. and M. Nosrati, "Loaded coupled transmission line approach of left-handed (LH) structures and realization of a highly compact dual-band branch-line coupler," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 10, 75-86, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERC09041508 Google Scholar

15. Nosrati, M. and B. S. Virdee, "Realization of a compact branch-line coupler using quasi-fractal loaded coupled transmission-lines," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 13, 33-40, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERC10031303 Google Scholar

16. Yao, J. J., "Nonstandard hybrid and crossover design with branch-line structures," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Tech., Vol. 58, No. 12, 3801-3808, 2010. Google Scholar

17. Yao, J. J., C. Lee, and S. P. Yeo, "Microstrip branch-line couplers for crossover application," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Tech., Vol. 59, No. 1, 87-92, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2010.2090695 Google Scholar

18. Shao, J., H. Ren, B. Arigong, C. Z. Li, and H. L. Zhang, "A fully symmetrical crossover and its dual-frequency application," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Tech., Vol. 60, No. 8, 2410-2416, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2198229 Google Scholar

19. Wong, F. L. and K. K. M. Cheng, "A novel, planar, and compact crossover design for dual-band applications," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Tech., Vol. 59, No. 3, 568-573, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2010.2098883 Google Scholar

20. Chiou, Y. C., J. T. Kuo, and H. R. Lee, "Design of compact symmetric four-port crossover junction," IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., Vol. 19, No. 9, 545-547, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2009.2027054 Google Scholar

21. Chen, Y. and S.-P. Yeo, "A symmetrical four-port microstrip coupler for crossover application," IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Tech., Vol. 55, No. 11, 2434-2438, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2007.908675 Google Scholar

22. Lee, Z.-W. and Y.-H. Pang, "Compact planar dual-band crossover using two-section branch-line coupler," Electron. Lett., Vol. 48, No. 21, 1348-1349, 2012.
doi:10.1049/el.2012.2454 Google Scholar

23. Chen, W.-L., G.-M. Wang, and C.-X. Zhang, "Fractal-shaped switched-beam antenna with reduced size and broadside beam," Electron. Lett., Vol. 44, No. 19, 1110-1111, 2008.
doi:10.1049/el:20081502 Google Scholar

24. He, J., B.-Z. Wang, Q.-Q. He, Y.-X. Xing, and Z.-L. Yin, "Wideband X-band microstrip butler matrix," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 74, 131-140, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07042302 Google Scholar

Dr. Ge Tian

Dr. Jinping Yang

Dr. Wen Wu