volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Based on the broadside-coupled split-ring resonator (BC-SRR), a tunable left-handed metamaterial (LHM) was proposed in this paper. The two rings of BC-SRR are etched on two separate substrates so that the coupling between the two rings can be adjusted by slightly slip one of the two substrates relative to the other one. Thus, the magnetic resonance frequency of the modified BC-SRR can be tuned. By combining the modified BC-SRR (MBC-SRR) with continuous conducting wires, a tunable LHM can be realized. The tunable LHM can realize both rough and minor tunings by minor slips along and perpendicular to the gap direction of BC-SRR, respectively. The proposed tunable LHM has many potential applications in microwave devices.

1. Pendry, J. B., A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, "Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 47, 2075-2084, 1999.
doi:10.1109/22.798002 Google Scholar

2. Smith, D. R., W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, "Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 84, 4184-4187, 2000.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4184 Google Scholar

3. Xi, S., H. Chen, B.-I. Wu, and J. A. Kong, "Experimental confirmation of guidance properties using planar anisotropic left-handed metamaterial slabs based on S-ring resonators," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 279-287, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08062105 Google Scholar

4. Ran, L., J. Huangfu, H. Chen, X.. Zhang, K. Cheng, T. M. Grzegorczyk, and J. A. Kong, "Experimental study on several left-handed metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 51, 249-279, 2005.
doi:10.2528/PIER04040502 Google Scholar

5. Wang, J. F., S. B. Qu, Z. Xu, J. Q. Zhang, Y. M. Yang, H. Ma, and C. Gu, "A candidate three-dimensional GHz lefthanded metamaterial composed of coplanar magnetic and electric resonators," Photonics Nanostruct.: Fundam. Appl., Vol. 6, 183, 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2008.08.001 Google Scholar

6. Zhou, J. F., L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative index materials using simple short wire pairs," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 73, 041101, 2006.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.041101 Google Scholar

7. Alici, K. B. and E. Ozbay, "A planar metamaterial: Polarization independent fishnet structure," Photonics Nanostruct.: Fundam. Appl., Vol. 6, 102-107, 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2008.01.001 Google Scholar

8. Kafesaki, M., I. Tsiapa, N. Katsarakis, T. Koschny, C. M. Soukoulis, and E. N. Economou, "Left-handed metamaterials: The fishnet structure and its variations," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 75, 235114, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.235114 Google Scholar

9. Zhou, J. F., T. Koschny, L. Zhang, G. Tuttle, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Experimental demonstration of negative index of refraction," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 88, 221103, 2006.
doi:10.1063/1.2208264 Google Scholar

10. Holloway, C. L., E. F. Kuester, J. Baker-Jarvis, and P. Kabos, "A double negative (DNG) composite medium composed of magnetodielectric spherical particles embedded in a matrix," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propgat., Vol. 51, No. 10, 2596-2603, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.817563 Google Scholar

11. Kim, J. and A. Gopinath, "Simulation of a metamaterial containing cubic high dielectric resonators," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 76, 115126, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.76.115126 Google Scholar

12. Ahmadi, A. and H. Mosallaei, "Physical configuration and performance modeling of all-dielectric metamaterials," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 77, 045104, 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.045104 Google Scholar

13. Sheng, Z. Y. and V. V. Varadan, "Tuning the effective properties of metamaterials by changing the substrate properties," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 101, 014909, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2407275 Google Scholar

14. Quan, B. G., C. Li, Q. Sui, J. J.Li, W. M. Liu, F. Li, and C. Z. Gu, "Effects of substrates with different dielectric paramaters on lefthanded frequency of left-handed materials," Chin. Phys. Lett., Vol. 22, No. 5, 1243-1245, 2005.
doi:10.1088/0256-307X/22/5/061 Google Scholar

15. Boulais, K. A., D. W. Rule, S. Simmons, F. Santiago, V. Gehman, K. Long, and A. Rayms-Keller, "Tunable split-ring resonator for metamaterials using photocapacitance of semi-insulating GaAs," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 93, 043518, 2008.
doi:10.1063/1.2967192 Google Scholar

16. Zhao, Q., L. Kang, B. Du, B. Li, J. Zhou, H. Tang, X. Liang, and B. Zhang, "Electrically tunable negative permeability metamaterials based on nematic liquid crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 90, 011112, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2430485 Google Scholar

17. Kang, L., Q. Zhao, B. Li, J. Zhou, and H. Zhu, "Experimental verification of a tunable optical negative refraction in nematic liquid crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 90, 181931, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2736209 Google Scholar

18. Zhang, F., Q. Zhao, L. Kang, D. P. Gaillot, X. Zhao, J. Zhou, and D.Lippens, "Magnetic control of negative permeability metamaterials based on liquid crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, 193104, 2008.
doi:10.1063/1.2926678 Google Scholar

19. Wang, X., D.-H. Kwon, D. H. Werner, I.-C. Khoo, A. V. Kildishev, and V. M. Shalaev, "Tunable optical negative-index metamaterials employing anisotropic liquid crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 91, 143122, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2795345 Google Scholar

20. Wang, D. X., L. X. Ran, H. S. Chen, M. K. Mu, J. A. Kong, and B.-I. Wu, "Active left-handed material collaborated with microwave varactors," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 91, 164101, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2799255 Google Scholar

21. Chen, H. S., B.-I. Wu, L. X. Ran, T. M. Grzegorczyk, and J. A. Kong, "Controllable left-handed metamaterial and its application to a steerable antenna," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 89, 053509, 2006.
doi:10.1063/1.2335382 Google Scholar

22. Vélez, A., J. Bonache, and F. Martín, "Varactor-loaded complementary split ring resonators (VLCSRR) and their application to tunable metamaterial transmission lines," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., Vol. 18, No. 1, 28-30, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2007.911983 Google Scholar

23. Aydina, K. and E. Ozbay, "Capacitor-loaded split ring resonators as tunable metamaterial components," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 101, 024911, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2427110 Google Scholar

24. He, Y. X., P. He, S. D. Yoon, P. V. Parimi, F. J. Rachford, V. G. Harris, and C. Vittoria, "Tunable negative index metamaterial using yttrium iron garnet," J. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 313, 187-191, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.12.031 Google Scholar

25. Zhao, H. J., J. Zhou, Q. Zhao, B. Li, L. Kang, and Y. Bai, "Magnetotunable left-handed material consisting of yttrium iron garnet slab and metallic wires," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 91, 131107, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2790500 Google Scholar

26. Lin, X. Q., T. J. Cui, J. Y. Chin, X. M. Yang, Q. Cheng, and R. P. Liu, "Controlling electromagnetic waves using tunable gradient dielectric metamaterial lens," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, 131904, 2008.
doi:10.1063/1.2896308 Google Scholar

27. Zhao, Q., B. Du, L. Kang, H. J. Zhao, Q. Xie, B. Li, X. Zhang, J. Zhou, L. T. Li, and Y. G. Meng, "Unable negative permeability in an isotropic dielectric composite," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 92, 051106, 2008.
doi:10.1063/1.2841811 Google Scholar

28. Wang, J. F., S. B. Qu, Z. Xu, H. Ma, Y. M. Yang, and C. Gu, "A controllable magnetic metamaterial: Split-ring resonator with rotated inner ring," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propgat., Vol. 56, No. 7, 2018-2022, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.924728 Google Scholar

29. Marqués, R., F. Mesa, J. Martel, and F. Medina, "Comparative analysis of edge- and broadside-coupled split ring resonators for metamaterial design --- Theory and experiments," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propgat., Vol. 51, No. 10, 2572-2581, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.817562 Google Scholar

30. Baena, J. D., R. Marqués, and F. Medina, "Artificial magnetic metamaterial design by using spiral resonators," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 69, 014402, 2004.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.69.014402 Google Scholar

31. Chen, X. D., T. M. Grzegorczyk, B.-I. Wu, J. Pacheco, Jr., and J. A. Kong, "Robust method to retrieve the constitutive effective parameters of metamaterials," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 70, 016608, 2004.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.016608 Google Scholar

32. Smith, D. R., D. C. Vier, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 71, 036617, 2005.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036617 Google Scholar

Professor Jiafu Wang

Prof. Shaobo Qu

Professor Jieqiu Zhang

Dr. Hua Ma

Dr. Yiming Yang

Dr. Chao Gu

Dr. Xiang Wu

Prof. Zhuo Xu