volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper describes the design of the disk-loaded monopole with a parasitic array for beam switching. Usually the radiation pattern of a single element such as a λ/4 monopole and the disk-loaded monopole provide low values of gain. The beamwidth is normally large and the coverage is wide. This may be appropriate in an on-body channel where the antenna orientation may not be easily controlled, such as when the users put the terminal in their pocket. In some non-body applications such as WLAN, it is necessary to design antennas with high gain to meet other demands such as high capacity or long range. Also, in the on-body environment it is essential to have such gain in order to minimize the path loss between the antennas, and hence increase the battery life. The antenna was excited using coaxial cable produced more gain and pattern compared to the single element top disk-loaded antenna. The reduced-size antenna namely a sector antenna array also has been discussed in detail in this paper. Such design has allowed at least 50% of the size reduction. The simulation results have shown very good agreement with the measurement for both antennas.

1. Kamarudin, M. R., Y. I. Nechayev, and P. S. Hall, "Antennas for on-body communication systems," IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005. IWAT 2005, 17-20, Mar. 7-9, 2005. Google Scholar

2. Sim Simpson, T. L., "The disk loaded monopole antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 2, 542-550, Feb. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.822447 Google Scholar

3. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1997.

4. Cheng, D. K., "Gain optimization for Yagi-Uda arrays," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 33, No. 3, 42-46, June 1991.
doi:10.1109/74.88220 Google Scholar

5. Ozdemir, M. K., H. Arslan, and E. Arvas, "Mutual coupling effect in multiantenna wireless communication systems," Global Telecommunications Conference, 2003. GLOBECOM '03. IEEE, Vol. 2, 829-833, Dec. 1-5, 2003. Google Scholar

6. Ali, M. A. and P. Wahid, "Analysis of mutual coupling effect in adaptive array antennas," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2002. IEEE, Vol. 1, 102-105, 2002. Google Scholar

7. Min, K. S., D. J. Kim, and Y. M. Moon, "Improved MIMO antenna by mutual coupling suppression between elements," The European Conference on Wireless Technology, 125-128, Oct. 3-4, 2005. Google Scholar

8. Parsons, J. D., The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2000.

9. Preston, S. L., D. V. Thiel, T. A. Smith, S. G. O'Keefe, and J. W. Lu, "Base-station tracking in mobile communications using a switched parasitic antenna array," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 46, No. 6, June 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.686771 Google Scholar

10. Qian, Y., W. R. Deal, N. Kaneda, and T. Itoh, "Microstrip-fed quasi-Yagi antenna with broadband characteristics," Electronics Letters, Vol. 34, No. 23, 2194-2196, Nov. 12, 1998.
doi:10.1049/el:19981583 Google Scholar

11. Padhi, S. K. and M. E. Bialkowski, "Parametric study of a microstrip Yagi antenna," Microwave Conference, 2000, Asia-Pacific, 715-718, Dec. 3-6, 2000. Google Scholar

12. Song, H. J., M. E. Bialkowski, and P. Kabacik, "Parameter study of a broadband uniplanar quasi-Yagi antenna," 13th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, 2000. MIKON-2000, Vol. 1, 166-169, May 22-24, 2000.

13. Deal, W. R., N. Kaneda, J. Sor, Y. Qian, and T. Itoh, "A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar active antenna arrays," IEEE transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 48, No. 6, 910-918, June 2000.
doi:10.1109/22.846717 Google Scholar

14. Kretly, L. C. and A. S. Ribeiro, "A novel tilted dipole quasi-Yagi antenna designed for 3G and Bluetooth applications," Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, 2003. IMOC 2003. Proceedings of the 2003 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1, 303-306, Sept. 20-23, 2003. Google Scholar

15. Huang, J. and A. C. Densmore, "Microstrip Yagi array antenna for mobile satellite vehicle application," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 39, No. 7, 1024-1030, July 1991.
doi:10.1109/8.86924 Google Scholar

16. Huang, J., "Planar microstrip Yagi array antenna," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1989, AP-S. Digest, 894-897, June 26-30, 1989. Google Scholar

17. Schlub, R. and D. V. Thiel, "Switched parasitic antenna on a finite ground plane with conductive sleeve," IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 5, 134-1347, May 2004. Google Scholar

18. Kawakami, H. and T. Ohira, "Electrically steerable passive array radiator (ESPAR) antennas," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 47, No. 2, 43-49, Apr. 2005.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2005.1487777 Google Scholar

19. Lu, J., D. Ireland, and R. Schlub, "Dielectric Embedded ESPAR (DE-ESPAR) antenna array for wireless communications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 8, Part 1, 2437-2443, Aug. 2005. Google Scholar

20. Islam, R. and R. Adve, "Beam-forming by mutual coupling effects of parasitic elements in antenna arrays," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE, Vol. 1, 126-129, June 16-21, 2002. Google Scholar

21. Kumar, G. and K. Gupta, "Nonradiating edges and four edges gap-coupled multiple resonator broad-band microstrip antennas," IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 33, No. 2, 173-178, Feb. 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1985.1143563 Google Scholar

22. Gray, D., J. W. Lu, and D. V. Thiel, "Electronically steerable Yagi-Uda microstrip patch antenna array," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 46, No. 5, 605-608, May 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.668900 Google Scholar

Professor Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin

Dr. Peter S. Hall