volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

The unified theory of near-field-far-field transformation techniques with spiral scannings for quasi-spherical antennas is extended in this paper to the case of nonspherical ones, i.e., antennas with two dimensions very different from the third one. To this end, such a kind of antennas is no longer considered as enclosed in a sphere, but in a proper convex domain bounded by a rotational surface. The extension, heuristically derived by paralleling the rigorous procedure valid when adopting the spherical source modelling, allows the overcoming of its main and serious drawbacks. In fact, the corresponding near-field-far-field transformations with spiral scannings for nonspherical antennas make use of a reduced number of near-field measurements and, above all, allow one to consider measurement surfaces at a distance smaller than one half the antenna maximum size, thus remarkably reducing the error related to the truncation of the scanning zone. These are very important features, which make the spiral scannings more and more appealing from the practical viewpoint. Some examples of the application of this theory to spirals wrapping the conventional scanning surfaces employed in the near-field-far-field transformations are reported for various source modellings, and the accuracy and robustness of the far-field reconstructions are assessed.

1. Yaghjian, A. D., "An overview of near-field antenna measurements," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 34, 30-45, Jan. 1986.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1986.1143727 Google Scholar

2. "Special issue on near-field scanning techniques," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 36, 727-901, 1988.
doi:10.1109/8.1173 Google Scholar

3. Gennarelli, C., G. Riccio, F. D'Agostino, and F. Ferrara, Near-Field–Far-Field Transformation Techniques, Vol. 1, CUES, 2004.

4. Bucci, O. M. and G. Franceschetti, "On the spatial bandwidth of scattered fields," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 35, 1445-1455, Dec. 1987.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1987.1144024 Google Scholar

5. Bucci, O. M., C. Gennarelli, and C. Savarese, "Representation of electromagnetic fields over arbitrary surfaces by a finite and nonredundant number of samples," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 46, 351-359, Mar. 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.662654 Google Scholar

6. Gennarelli, C., G. Riccio, V. Speranza, and C. Savarese, "Fast and accurate interpolation of radiated fields over a cylinder," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 8, 349-375, 1994. Google Scholar

7. Ferrara, F., C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "An efficient near-field to far-field transformation using the planar wide-mesh scanning," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 3, 341-357, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307779367404 Google Scholar

8. Bucci, O. M., C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Near-field-far-field transformation from nonredundant planepolar data: Effective modellings of the source," IEE Proc. --- Microw., Antennas Propagat., Vol. 145, 33-38, 1998.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:19981567 Google Scholar

9. Bucci, O. M., F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, and G. Riccio, "NF-FF transformation with plane-polar scanning: Ellipsoidal modelling of the antenna," Automatika, Vol. 41, 159-164, 2000. Google Scholar

10. Bucci, O. M., C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "NF-FF transformation with cylindrical scanning: An effective technique for elongated antennas," IEE Proc. --- Microw., Antennas Propagat., Vol. 145, 369-374, Oct. 1998. Google Scholar

11. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "NF-FF transformation with cylindrical scanning from a minimum number of data," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 35, 264-270, Nov. 2002. Google Scholar

12. Bucci, O. M., F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Data reduction in the NF-FF transformation technique with spherical scanning," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 15, 755-775, 2001.
doi:10.1163/156939301X00995 Google Scholar

13. Bolomey, J. C., et al., "Rapid near-field antenna testing via array of modulated scattering probes," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 36, 804-814, Jun. 1988.
doi:10.1109/8.1182 Google Scholar

14. Yaccarino, R. G., L. I. Williams, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Linear spiral sampling for the bipolar planar antenna measurement technique," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 44, 1049-1051, Jul. 1996. Google Scholar

15. Bucci, O. M., C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Nonredundant NF-FF transformation with helicoidal scanning," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 15, 1507-1519, 2001.
doi:10.1163/156939301X00076 Google Scholar

16. Bucci, O. M., F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Probe compensated FF reconstruction by NF planar spiral scanning," IEE Proc. --- Microw., Antennas Propagat., Vol. 149, 119-123, Apr. 2002.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20020265 Google Scholar

17. Bucci, O. M., F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "NF-FF transformation with spherical spiral scanning," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., Vol. 2, 263-266, 2003.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2003.820710 Google Scholar

18. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Directivity computation by spherical spiral scanning in NF region," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, 1343-1358, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775525927 Google Scholar

19. D'Agostinov, F., C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Theoretical foundations of near-field-far-field transformations with spiral scannings," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 61, 193-214, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06021401 Google Scholar

20. Costanzo, S. and G. Di Massa, "Near-field to far-field transformation with planar spiral scanning," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 73, 49-59, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07031903 Google Scholar

21. Costanzo, S. and G. Di Massa, "Far-field reconstruction from phaseless near-field data on a cylindrical helix," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 18, No. 8, 1057-1071, 2004.
doi:10.1163/1569393042955414 Google Scholar

22. Bucci, O. M., G. D'Elia, and M. D. Migliore, "Advanced field interpolation from plane-polar samples: Experimental verification," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 46, 204-210, Feb. 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.660964 Google Scholar

23. Ricciardi, G. F. and W. L. Stutzman, "A near-field to far-field transformation for spheroidal geometry utilizing an eigenfunction expansion," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 52, 3337-3349, Dec. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.836445 Google Scholar

24. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "An effective NF-FF transformation technique with planar spiral scanning tailored for quasi-planar antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 56, 2981-2987, Sep. 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.928786 Google Scholar

25. Paris, D. T., W. M. Leach, Jr., and E. B. Joy, "Basic theory of probe-compensated near-field measurements," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 26, 373-379, May 1978.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1978.1141855 Google Scholar

26. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Near-field-far-field transformation technique with helicoidal scanning for elongated antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 4, 249-261, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08011503 Google Scholar

27. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, M. Migliozzi, and G. Riccio, "NF-FF Transformation with helicoidal scanning: An effective source modelling for elongated antennas," Int. Jour. of Microw. Opt. Technol., Vol. 3, 275-282, Jul. 2008. Google Scholar

28. Leach, W. M., Jr., and D. T. Paris, "Probe compensated NF measurements on a cylinder," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 21, 435-445, Jul. 1973. Google Scholar

29. D'Agostino , F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, J. A. Fordham, M. Migliozzi, and C. Rizzo, "Experimental validation of the NF-FF transformation with helicoidal scanning suitable for elongated antennas," Proc. of AMTA 2008, 304-308, Nov. 2008. Google Scholar

30. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, M. Migliozzi, and G. Riccio, "A nonredundant near-field to farfield transformation with spherical spiral scanning for nonspherical antennas," The Open Electrical & Electronic Eng. Jour., Vol. 3, 4-11, 2009. Google Scholar

31. Hansen, J. E. (ed.), Spherical Near-Field Antenna Measurements, IEE Electromagnetic Waves Series, Peter Peregrinus, 1998.

Prof. Francesco D'Agostino

Dr. Flaminio Ferrara

Professor Claudio Gennarelli

Professor Rocco Guerriero

Dr. Massimo Migliozzi