volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A novel technique of the electric- or E- field extraction from the magnetic- or H- near-field in timedomain is reported. This technique is based on the use of the Maxwell-Ampere relation associated to the plane wave spectrum (PWS) transform. It is useful for the E-near-field computations and measurements which are practically complicated in time-domain in particular, for the EMC applications. The considered EM-field radiation is generated by a set of electric dipoles excited by an ultra-short duration current having frequency bandwidth of about 10-GHz. The presented EM-field calculation technique is carried out by taking into account the evanescent wave effects. In the first step, the time-dependent H-field data mapped in 2-D plan placed at the height z₀ above the radiating devices are transposed in frequency-dependent data through the fast Fourier transform. In order to respect the near-field approach, the arbitrary distance z₀ between the EM-field mapping plan and radiating source plan should be below one-sixth of the excitation signal minimal wavelength. In the second step, one applies the PWS transform to the obtained frequency-data. Then, through the Maxwell-Ampere relation, one can extract the E-field from the calculated PWS of the H-field. In the last step, the inverse fast Fourier transform of the obtained E-field gives the expected time-dependent results. The relevance of the proposed technique was confirmed by considering a set of five dipole sources placed arbitrarily in the horizontal plan equated by z = 0 and excited by a pulse current having amplitude of 50 mA and half-width of about 0.6 ns. As expected, by using the H_x, H_y and H_z 2-D data calculated with Matlab in the rectangular plan placed at z₀ = 3 mm and z₀ = 5 mm above the radiating source, it was demonstrated that with the proposed technique, one can determine the three components of the E-field E_x, E_y and E_z.

1. Commens, M. and L. Murphy, "Full vehicle EMI/EMC studies," Application Workshops for High-performance Electronic Design, Minneapolis, MN, Feb. 2, 2007. Google Scholar

2. Hongmei, F., "Far field radiated emission prediction from magnetic near field magnitude-only measurements of PCBs by genetic algorithm," IEEE EMC Symp., 321-324, Austin, Aug. 17--21, 2009. Google Scholar

3.Ansys Full system EMI/EMC methodology, ANSYS High-performance Electronics Seminars, Phoenix, Arizona, Jun. 10, 2010.

4. Malcovati, P. and F. Maloberti, "Integrated microsystem for 3D magnetic field measurements," Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 9, 43-46, Sep. 1999.
doi:10.1109/62.793452 Google Scholar

5. Sonia, B. D., M. Ramdani, and E. Sicard, Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits. Techniques for Low Emission and Susceptibility, 464, Springer, 2006.

6. Klotz, F., "EMC test specification for integrated circuits," 18th Int. Symp. EMC, 73-78, Zurich, Sep. 24--28, 2007. Google Scholar

7. Song, Z., S. Donglin, F. Duval, A. Louis, and D. Fei, "A novel electromagnetic radiated emission source identification methodology," Asia-Pacific Symposium on EMC, Pekin, China, Apr. 12--16, 2010. Google Scholar

8. Winter, W. and M. Herbrig, "Time domain measurement in automotive applications," Proc of IEEE Int. Symp. EMC, 109-115, Austin, Texas, USA, Aug. 17--21, 2009. Google Scholar

9. Essakhi, B., D. Baudry, O. Maurice, A. Louis, L. Pichon, and B. Mazari, "Characterization of radiated emissions from power electronic devices: Synthesis of an equivalent model from near-field measurement," Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 38, 275-281, 2007.
doi:10.1051/epjap:2007081 Google Scholar

10. Vives-Gilabert, Y., C. Arcambal, A. Louis, F. Daran, P. Eudeline, and B. Mazari, "Modeling magnetic radiations of electronic circuits using near-field scanning method," IEEE Tran. EMC, Vol. 49, No. 2, 391-400, 2007. Google Scholar

11. Rammal, R., M. Lalande, E. Martinod, N. Feix, M. Jouvet, J. Andrieu, and B. Jecko, "Far field reconstruction from transient near-field measurement using cylindrical modal development," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2009, Article ID 798473, Hindawi, 2009. Google Scholar

12. Cicchetti, R., "Transient analysis of radiated field from electric dipoles and microstrip lines," IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop., Vol. 39, No. 7, 910-918, Jul. 1991.
doi:10.1109/8.86909 Google Scholar

13.Ansys Thermal stress analysis on IGBT power system design, ANSYS High-performance Electronics Seminars, Phoenix, Arizona, Jun. 10, 2010.

14. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., Wiley, 2005.

15. Paris, D. T., W. M. Leach, and E. B. Joy, "Basic theory of probe-compensated near-field measurements," IEEE Tran. Ant. Prop., Vol. 26, No. 3, 373-379, May 1978.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1978.1141855 Google Scholar

16. Wang, J. J. H., "An examination of the theory and practices of planar near-field measurement," IEEE Tran. Ant. Prop., Vol. 36, No. 6, 746-753, Jun. 1988.
doi:10.1109/8.1176 Google Scholar

17. Korpel, A. Plane wave spectra, PDF electronic files, 13 pages, Available online: www.engineering.uiowa.edu/~adriank/book/smroads/plane.pdf, 1996.

18. Masters, G. F., "Probe-correction coefficients derived from near-field measurements," Ant. Measurement Techniques Association (AMTA) Symposium, Oct. 7--11, 1991. Google Scholar

19. Shi, J., M. A. Cracraft, K. P. Slattery, M. Yamaguchi, and R. E. DuBroff, "Calibration and compensation of near-field scan measurements," IEEE Tran. EMC, Vol. 47, No. 3, 642-650, Aug. 2005. Google Scholar

20. Cauterman, M., I. Seignolles, D. Lecointe, and J. C. Bolomey, "Plane waves spectrum in reverberating chambers," Workshop on EMC Measurement Techniques for Complex and Distributed System, Lille, France, Jun. 11--12, 2001. Google Scholar

21. Baudry, D., M. Kadi, C. Arcambal, Z. Riah, Y. Vives-Gilabert, A. Louis, and B. Mazari, "Plane wave spectrum theory applied to near-field measurements for EMC investigations," Science, Measurement & Technology, IET, Vol. 3, No. 1, 72-83, Jan. 2009.
doi:10.1049/iet-smt:20080026 Google Scholar

22. Hertz, H. R., "Untersuchungen ueber die Ausbreitung der elektrischen Kraft," Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, 1892 (in German). Google Scholar

23. Schantz, H. G., "Electromagnetic energy around hertzian dipoles," IEEE Tran. Ant. Prop. Magazine, Vol. 43, No. 2, 50-62, Apr. 2001.
doi:10.1109/74.924604 Google Scholar

24. Sten, J. C.-E. and A. Hujanen, "Aspects on the phase delay and phase velocity in the electromagnetic near-field," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 56, 67-80, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05051201 Google Scholar

Prof. Blaise Ravelo