volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents the performance of an Adaptive transmit beamspace beamformer (ATBBF) in a dynamic channel for Multiple input single output (MISO) per user wireless system. ATBBF consists of a of several transmit beamformers on the Transmit antenna array (TAA). The antenna weights of each Transmit beamformer (TB) are held constant while input to a TB is weighted by an adaptive beamspace weight. An algorithm that updates beamspace weights of all transmit beamformers of an ATBBF at the base station is described. It updates on the basis of a single feedback from the mobile. The feedback consists of one bit that indicates which of the two normalized perturbed beamspace weights that were time multiplexed onto the pilot signal from the base station delivered more power to the mobile. This algorithm is named Beamspace gradient sign feedback algorithm (BGSF) as its feedback mechanism is similar to that of Gradient sign feedback (GSF) algorithm that updates antenna weights of a TB. Performance metric of ATBBF is derived and analyzed in a dynamic channel undergoing Rayleigh fading. Performance comparison between an ATBBF with BGSF algorithm and a TB with GSF is made in terms of convergence and tracking of various slow and fast fading channels by simulations. Both full dimension (FD) and Reduced dimension (RD) ATBBF are considered. Comparisons show that FD ATBBF gives equivalent performance to that of TB and outperforms RD ATBBF.

1. Fazel, K. and S. Kaiser, Multi-carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2008.

2. Rohani, K., M. Harrison, and K. Kuchi, "A comparison of base station transmit diversity methods for third generation cellular standards," Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 1, 351-355, May 1999.

3. Chizhik, D., G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans, and R. A. Valenzuela, "Keyholes, correlations, and capacities of multi-element transmit and receive antennas," IEEE Transactions On Wireless Communications, Vol. 1, No. 2, 361-368, April 2002.
doi:10.1109/7693.994830 Google Scholar

4. Derryberry, R. T., S. D. Gray, D. M. Ionescu, G. Mandyam, and B. Raghothaman, "Transmit diversity in 3G CDMA systems," IEEE Communications Magazine, 68-75, April 2002. Google Scholar

5. Dakdouki, A. S., V. L. Banket, N. K. Mykhaylov, and A. A. Skopa, "Downlink processing algorithms for multi-antenna wireless communications," IEEE Communication Magazine, 122-127, January 2005.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2005.1381885 Google Scholar

6. Astely, D., E. Dahlman, A. Furuskar, Y. Jading, M. Lindstrom, and S. Parkvall, "LTE: The evolution of mobile broadband," IEEE Communication Magazine, 44-51, April 2009. Google Scholar

7. Alamouti, S., "A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications," IEEE J. Select Areas Communication, Vol. 16, 1451-1458, October 1999. Google Scholar

8. Banister, B. C. and J. R. Zeidler, "A simple Gradient sign algorithm for transmit antenna weight adaptation with feedback," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 51, No. 5, 1156-1171, May 2003.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2002.808104 Google Scholar

9. Litva, J. and T. K. Lo, Digital Beamforming in Wireless Communications, Artech house Inc., Norwood, MA, 1996.

10. Van Trees, H. L., Optimum Array Processing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2002, August 1997.

11. Gerlach, D. and A. Paulraj, "Adaptive transmitting antenna arrays with feedback," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 1, No. 10, 150-152, October 1994.
doi:10.1109/97.329842 Google Scholar

12. Godara, L. C., "Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communications, Part II: Beam-forming and direction of arrival considerations," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 85, 1195-1245, August 1997.
doi:10.1109/5.622504 Google Scholar

13. Godara, L. C., "Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communications, Part II: Beam-forming and direction of arrival considerations," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 85, 1195-1245.
doi:10.1109/5.622504 Google Scholar

14. Rashid-Farrokhi, F., K. J. R. Liu, and L. Tassiulas, "Transmit beamforming and power control systems for cellular wireless systems," IEEE J. Select. Areas Communications, Vol. 16, No. 8, 1437-{1450, October 1998.
doi:10.1109/49.730452 Google Scholar

15. Banister, B. C. and J. R. Zeidler, "Feedback assisted stochastic gradient adaptation of multi-antenna transmission," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1121-1135, May 2005.
doi:10.1109/TWC.2005.846995 Google Scholar

16. Heath, Jr., R. W. and A. Paulraj, "A simple scheme for transmit diversity using partial channel feedback," Conf. Rec. 32nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Nov. 1998.

17. Hottenin, A., O. Trikkonen, and R. Wichman, "Multi-antenna Transceiver Techniques for 3G and Beyond," Wiley, New York, 2003. Google Scholar

18. Li, Q., G. Li, W. Lee, M. Lee, D. Mazzarese, B. Clerckx, and Z. Li, "MIMO techniques in WIMAX and LTE: A feature overview," IEEE Communication Magazine, 86-92, May 2010.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2010.5458368 Google Scholar

19. Hussain, S. S. I. and M. I. Shiekh, "A downlink tracking algorithm by adapting the beamspace weights of the transmit antenna," IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering, 1-6, April 2007. Google Scholar

20. Molisch, A. F., H. Asplund, R. Heddergott, M. Steinbauer, and T. Zwick, "The COST259 directional channel model-part I: overview and methodology," IEEE Transactions On Wireless Communications, Vol. 5, No. 12, 3421-3433, December 2006.
doi:10.1109/TWC.2006.256966 Google Scholar

21. Eyceoz, T., A. Duel-Hallen, and H. Hallen, "Deterministic channel modeling and long range prediction of fast fading mobile radio channels," IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 2, No. 9, 254-256, September 1998.
doi:10.1109/4234.718494 Google Scholar

22. Shiu, D., G. J. Foschini, M. J. Gans, and J. M. Kahn, "Fading correlation and its effect on the capacity of multielement antenna systems ," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 48, No. 3, 502-513, March 2000.
doi:10.1109/26.837052 Google Scholar

23. Sklar, B., Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications, Prentice Hall, Upper saddle River, New Jersey, December 2006 .

24. Haykin, S., Adaptive Filter Theory, Pearson Education Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.

Mr. Syed Shah Irfan Hussain

Dr. John Bigham

Dr. Clive G. Parini

Dr. Muhammad Imran Shiekh