volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

We present an efficient way to generate the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image of a target at an arbitrary aspect angle using the shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) method, which is much faster than the conventional approach by inverse Fourier transforming the computed scattered fields over frequency and aspect domain. We propose a general image-domain ray-tube integration formula, which contains aspect-dependent factors. The new formula can provide ISAR images of a target rapidly and conveniently in different image planes at different aspect angles in a world coordinate system. The ISAR images of a cube and an aircraft for several aspect angles and different image planes are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the general formula. The proposed method is more significant when large amount of ISAR images of a target are required to build the database for target recognition.

1. Farhat, N. H., C. L. Werner, and T. H. Chu, "Prospects of three-dimensional projective and tomographic imaging radar networks," Radio Sci., Vol. 19, 1347-1355, 1984.
doi:10.1029/RS019i005p01347 Google Scholar

2. Carrara, W. G., R. S. Goodman, and R. M. Majewski, Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar-signal Processing Algorithms, Artech House, Boston, 1995.

3. Sasaki, K., M. Shimizu, Y. Watanabe, and E. Pottier, "New method in ISAR image reconstruction," Proceeding of CIE International Conference on Radar, 662-664, Oct. 2001. Google Scholar

4. Gu, X., Y. H. Zhang, and X. K. Zhang, "Electromagnetic simulation of ISAR imaging with supper-resolution," Proceeding of 1st Asian and Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, 595-598, Nov. 2007. Google Scholar

5. Wen, X. Y., C. Wang, and H. Zhang, "Complex object's ISAR image simulation," Proceedings of 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 5, 3181-3183, Jul. 2005. Google Scholar

6. Bhalla, R. and H. Ling, "Image-domain ray-tube integration formula for the shooting and bouncing ray technique," Radio Sci., Vol. 30, 1435-1446, Sep./Oct. 1995.
doi:10.1029/95RS02110 Google Scholar

7. Bhalla, R. and H. Ling, "ISAR image formation using bistatic computed from shooting and bouncing ray technique," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 7, No. 9, 1271-1287, Sep./Oct. 1993.
doi:10.1163/156939393X00255 Google Scholar

8. Ling, H., C. R. Hou, and S. W. Lee, "Shooting and bouncing rays: Calculating the RCS of an arbitrary shaped cavity," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 37, 194-205, Feb. 1989.
doi:10.1109/8.18706 Google Scholar

9. Lee, S. W., H. Ling, and R. Chou, "Ray tube integration in shooting and bouncing ray method," Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett., Vol. 1, 286-289, Oct. 1988. Google Scholar

10. Novak, L. M., G. J. Owrika, W. S. Brower, and A. L. Weaver, "The automatic target recognition system in SAIP," The Lincoln Laboratory Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2, 187-202, 1997. Google Scholar

11. Toussaint, J. A. and D. M. Martinsek, "Integrated precision SAR targeting: A SAR targeting simulation," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 14, 29-32, Feb. 1999.
doi:10.1109/62.746737 Google Scholar

12. Hinz, S., F. Meyer, M. Eineder, and R. Bamler, "Traffic monitoring with spaceborne SAR-Theory, simulations, and experiments ," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 106, 231-244, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2006.09.008 Google Scholar

13. Van den Broek, B., T. Bieker, and L. Ewijk, "Comparison of modelled to measured high-resolution ISAR data," MMW Advanced Target Recognition and Identification Experiment, 17, 2005. Google Scholar

14. Moreira, A. and Y. Huang, "Airborne SAR processing of highly squinted data using a chirp scaling approach with integrated motion compensation," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, No. 5, 1029-1040, Sep. 1994.
doi:10.1109/36.312891 Google Scholar

15. Lee, S. W. and R. Mittra, "Fourier transformation of polygonal shape function and its application in electromagnetics," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 31, 99-103, 1983. Google Scholar

16. Buddendick, H. and T. F. Eibert, "Concept for accelerated raybased monostatic RCS simulations using bistatic approximations," Adv. Radio Sci., Vol. 7, 29-35, 2009.
doi:10.5194/ars-7-29-2009 Google Scholar

17. Chen, V. C. and W. J. Miceli, "Simulation of ISAR imaging of moving targets," IEE Proceedings Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol. 148, 160-166, Jun. 2001.
doi:10.1049/ip-rsn:20010384 Google Scholar

18. Hagelen, M., A. Wahlen, and T. Brehm, "ISAR Imaging of flying helicopters at millimeter-wave frequencies," First European Radar Conference 2004,EURAD, 265-268, 2004.

19. Jain, A. and I. Patel, "SAR/ISAR imaging of a nonuniformly rotating target," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 28, 317-321, Jan. 1992.
doi:10.1109/7.135457 Google Scholar

20. Garcia-Fernndez, A. F., J. Grajal, and O. A. Yeste-Ojeda, "Analysis of ISAR images of a helicopter by a facet model," Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Radar, 32-37, Adelaide, Sep. 2008. Google Scholar

21. Youssef, N. H., "Radar cross section of the complex target," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 77, 722-734, May 1989.
doi:10.1109/5.32062 Google Scholar

22. Danklmayer, A., B. J. Doring, M. Schwerdt, and M. Chandra, "Assessment of atmospheric propagation effects in SAR images," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 47, No. 10, 3507-3518, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2009.2022271 Google Scholar

23. Vaupel, T. and T. F. Eibert, "Comparison and application of near-field ISAR-imaging techniques for far-field radar cross section determination," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 54, No. 1, 144-151, Jan. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.861549 Google Scholar

24. Vaupel, T. and F. Weinmann, "Validation of a 3-D near-field ISAR imaging technique with far-field RCS extraction by means of a hybrid GO-PO/PTD ray tracing algorithm," 3rd European Conference on EuCAP, Vol. 691, No. 695, 2009. Google Scholar

Dr. Xin-Yi He

Dr. Xin-Bo Wang

Dr. Xiaoyang Zhou

Dr. Bo Zhao

Professor Tie-Jun Cui