volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Evolutionary Search Algorithms (EA) have been intensively used in solving numerical optimization problems. Since design of antenna arrays is a numerical optimization problem, EAs have been intensively used in solving antenna arrays design problems. Although EAs are widely used in antenna array design problems, a performance comparison study of the intensively used EAs for circular antenna array design problem has been scarcely studied. In this paper, 3 different circular antenna array design problems have been solved by using 15 different evolutionary search algorithms (i.e., ABC, ACS, BSA, CK, CLPSO, CMAES, DE, E2-DSA, EPSDE, GSA, JADE, JDE, PSO, SADE, S-DSA). The objective function designed for solution of the relevant circular antenna array design problems ensures minimization of side lobe levels, acquisition of maximum directivity, and null control of the non-uniform, planar circular antenna array. Obtained statistical analysis results show that S-DSA solves the relevant circular antenna array design problems statistically better than the other evolutionary algorithms used in this paper.

1. Akcakaya, M. and A. Nehorai, "Adaptive MIMO radar design and detection in compound-gaussian clutter," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 47, No. 3, 2200-2207, 2001. Google Scholar

2. Heidari, A. A., M. Heyrani, and M. Nakhkash, "A dual-band circularly polarized stub loaded microstrip patch antenna for GPS applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 92, 195-208, 2009. Google Scholar

3. Bellettini, A. and M. A. Pinto, "Theoretical accuracy of synthetic aperture sonar micronavigation using a displaced phase-center antenna," IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., Vol. 27, No. 4, 780-789, 2002. Google Scholar

4. Hasan, S. M. S. and S. W. Ellingson, "Integration of simple antennas to multiband receivers using a novel multiplexer design methodology," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 3, 1550-1556, 2012. Google Scholar

5. Zaker, R., C. H. Ghobadi, and J. Nourinia, "A modified microstrip-fed two-step tapered monopole antenna for UWB and WLAN applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 77, 137-148, 2007. Google Scholar

6. Weng, W. C., F. Yang, and A. Z. Elsherbeni, "Linear antenna array synthesis using Taguchi's method: A novel optimization technique in electromagnetics," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 3, 723-730, 2007. Google Scholar

7. Lee, W. S., K. S. Oh, and J. W. Yu, "A wideband planar monopole antenna array with circular polarized and band-notched characteristics," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 128, 381-398, 2012. Google Scholar

8. Gazzah, H. and S. Marcos, "Cramer-Rao bounds for antenna array design," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 54, No. 1, 336-345, 2006. Google Scholar

9. Exposito-Dominguez, G., J. M. Fernandez-Gonzalez, P. Padilla de la Torre, and M. Sierra-Castaner, "Dual circular polarized steering antenna for satellite communications in X band," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 122, 61-76, 2012. Google Scholar

10. Li, X. and M. Yin, "Hybrid differential evolution with biogeography-based optimization for design of a reconfigurable antenna array with discrete phase shifters," Int. J. Antennas Prop., Article ID 685629, 685-629, 2011. Google Scholar

11. Krairiksh, M., P. Keowsawat, C. Phongcharoenpanich, and S. Kosulvit, "Two-probe excited circular ring antenna for MIMO application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 97, 417-431, 2009. Google Scholar

12. Gao, G. P., M. Li, S.-F. Niu, X.-J. Li, B.-N. Li, and J.-S. Zhang, "Study of a novel wideband circular slot antenna having frequency band-notched function," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 96, 141-154, 2009. Google Scholar

13. Jabbar, A. N., A. S. Hasooni, and M. K. Ibrahim, "Maximizing main-lobe to the side-lobe level for the non-uniform chaos game planar antenna array using an IWO algorithm," Int. J. Micro. Wire. Tech., Vol. 4, No. 6, 635-646, 2012. Google Scholar

14. Khodier, M. M. and C. G. Christodoulou, "Linear array geometry synthesis with minimum sidelobe level and null control using particle swarm optimization," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 8, 2674-2679, 2005. Google Scholar

15. Gies, D. and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Particle swarm optimization for reconfigurable phase-differentiated array design," Microw. Opt. Techn. Let., Vol. 38, 168-175, 2003. Google Scholar

16. Li, W. T., X. W. Shi, L. Xu, and Y.-Q. Hei, "Improved GA and PSO culled hybrid algorithm for antenna array pattern synthesis," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 80, 461-476, 2008. Google Scholar

17. Mandal, A., H. Zafar, S. Das, and A. V. Vasilakos, "Efficient circular array synthesis with a memetic differential evolution algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 38, 367-385, 2012. Google Scholar

18. Lu, Z. B., A. Zhang, and X. Y. Hou, "Pattern synthesis of cylindrical conformal array by the modified particle swarm optimization algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 79, 415-426, 2008. Google Scholar

19. Li, R., L. Xu, X. W. Shi, N. Zhang, and Z.-Q. Lv, "Improved differential evolution strategy for antenna array pattern synthesis problems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 113, 429-441, 2011. Google Scholar

20. Demarcke, P., H. Rogier, R. Goossens, et al. "Beamforming in the presence of mutual coupling based on constrained particle swarm optimization," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 6, 1655-1666, 2009. Google Scholar

21. Mohammed, H. and J. I. Ababneh, "Synthesis of aperiodic linear phased antenna arrays using particle swarm optimization Bataineh," Electromagnetics, Vol. 26, 531-541, 2006. Google Scholar

22. Pal, S., A. Basak, and S. Das, "Linear antenna array synthesis with modified invasive weed optimisation algorithm," Int. J. BioInsp. Comput., Vol. 3, No. 4, 238-251, 2011. Google Scholar

23. Chan, C. Y. and P. M. Goggans, "Using Bayesian inference for linear antenna array design," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 9, 3211-3217, 2011. Google Scholar

24. Guenes, F. and F. Tokan, "Pareto optimal synthesis of the linear array geometry for minimum side lobe level and null control during beam scanning," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 5, 557-566, 2010. Google Scholar

25. Abdul, R., N. Khairul, M. Abd, F. Mohd, and N. Siew-Chin, "Nature-inspired cuckoo search algorithm for side lobe suppression in a symmetric linear antenna array," Radioengineering, Vol. 21, 865-874, 2012. Google Scholar

26. Zaharis, Z. D., C. Skeberis, and T. D. Xenos, "Improved antenna array adaptive beamforming with low side lobe level using a novel adaptive invasive weed optimization method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 124, 137-150, 2012. Google Scholar

27. Fan, Z. G., S. Qiao, J. T. Huangfu, and L.-X. Ran, "Signal descriptions and formulations for long range UHF RFID readers," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 71, 109-127, 2007. Google Scholar

28. Tarokh, V., H. Jafarkhani, and A. R. Calderbank, "Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 45, No. 5, 1456-1467, 1999. Google Scholar

29. Padros, N., J. I. Ortigosa, J. Baker, et al. "Comparative study of high-performance GPS receiving antenna designs," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 4, 698-706, 1997. Google Scholar

30. Fan, Z. G., S. Qiao, J. T. Huangfu, and L.-X. Ran, "A miniaturized printed dipole antenna with V-shaped ground for 2.45 GHz RFID readers," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 71, 149-158, 2007. Google Scholar

31. Alamouti, S. M., "A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications," IEEE J. Sel. Area Comm., Vol. 16, No. 8, 1451-1458, 1998. Google Scholar

32. Tarokh, V., N. Seshadri, and A. R. Calderbank, "Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criterion and code construction," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 44, No. 2, 744-765, 1998. Google Scholar

33. Guo, J. L. and J. Y. Li, "Pattern synthesis of conformal array antenna in the presence of platform using differential evolution algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 9, 2615-2621, 2009. Google Scholar

34. Li, X. and M. Yin, "Optimal synthesis of linear antenna array with composite differential evolution algorithm," Scientia Iranica, Vol. 19, 1780-1787, 2012. Google Scholar

35. Ho, M. H., C. C. Chiu, and S. H. Liao, "Bit error rate reduction for circular ultra wideband antenna by dynamic differential evolution," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 2, 260-271, 2012. Google Scholar

36. Rocca, P., G. Oliveri, and A. Massa, "Differential evolution as applied to electromagnetics," EEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 53, No. 1, 38-49, 2011. Google Scholar

37. Lommi, A., A. Massa, E. Storti, and A. Trucco, "Side lobe reduction in sparse linear arrays by genetic algorithms," Microw. Opt. Techn. Let., Vol. 32, 194-196, 2002. Google Scholar

38. Caorsi, S., A. Lommi, A. Massa, and M. Pastorino, "Peak sidelobe level reduction with a hybrid approach based on a Gas and difference sets," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 4, 1116-1121, 2004. Google Scholar

39. Benedetti, M., R. Azaro, D. Franceschini, and A. Massa, "PSO-based real-time control of planar uniform circular arrays," IEEE Antennas Wire. Propag. Lett., Vol. 5, 545-548, 2006. Google Scholar

40. Oliveri, G. and A. Massa, "GA-enhanced ADS-based approach for array thinning," IET Micro. Ant. Prop., Vol. 5, 305-315, 2011. Google Scholar

41. Oliveri, G., F. Caramanica, and A. Massa, "Hybrid ADS-based techniques for radio astronomy array design," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 6, 1817-1827, 2011. Google Scholar

42. Karaboga, D. and B. Akay, "A comparative study of artificial bee colony algorithm," Appl. Math Comput., Vol. 214, 108-132, 2009. Google Scholar

43. Civicioglu, P., "Artificial cooperative search algorithm for numerical optimization problems," Inform. Sci., Vol. 229, 58-76, 2013. Google Scholar

44. Civicioglu, P., "Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm for numerical optimization problems," Appl. Math Comput., Vol. 219, 8121-8144, 2013. Google Scholar

45. Civicioglu, P. and E. Besdok, "A conceptual comparison of the cuckoo search, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution and artificial bee colony algorithms," Artif. Intell. Rev., Vol. 39, 315-346, 2013. Google Scholar

46. Liang, J. J., A. K. Qin, P. N. Suganthan, and S. Baskar, "Comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer for global optimization of multimodal functions," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 10, No. 3, 281-295, 2006. Google Scholar

47. Hansen, N., S. P. N. Niederberger, L. Guzzella, and P. Koumoutsakos, "A method for handling uncertainty in evolutionary optimization with an application to feedback control of combustion," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 13, No. 1, 180-197, 2009. Google Scholar

48. Storn, R. and K. Price, "Differential evolution a simple and e±cient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces," J. Global Optim., Vol. 11, 341-359, 1997. Google Scholar

49. Mallipeddi, R., P. N. Suganthan, Q. K. Pan, et al. "Differential evolution algorithm with ensemble of parameters and mutation strategies," Appl. Soft Comput., Vol. 11, 1679-1696, 2011. Google Scholar

50. Rashedi, E., H. Nezamabadi-pour, and S. Saryazdi, "GSA: A gravitational search algorithm, information science," Inform. Sci., Vol. 13, 2232-2248, 2009. Google Scholar

51. Zhang, J. and A. C. Sanderson, "JADE: Adaptive differential evolution with optional external archive," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 13, No. 5, 945-958, 2009. Google Scholar

52. Brest, J., B. Boškovic, S. Greiner, V. Zumer, and M. S. Maucec, "Performance comparison of self-adaptive and adaptive differential evolution algorithms," Soft Comput., Vol. 11, 617-629, 2007. Google Scholar

53. Civicioglu, P., "Transforming geocentric cartesian coordinates to geodetic coordinates by using differential search algorithm," Comput. Geosci., Vol. 46, 229-247, 2012. Google Scholar

54. Bratton, D. and J. Kennedy, "Defining a standard for particle swarm optimization," IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, 120-127, Honolulu, 2007.

55. Qin, A. K. and P. N. Suganthan, "Self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm for numerical optimization," The 2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 2, 1785-1791, 2005. Google Scholar

56. Besdok, E., A georeferenced-speech recognition based data collection tool for GIS applications, Technical Report, 110Y309, Tubitak, 2013.

Dr. Pinar Civicioglu