volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In the work presented here, the suitability of an unusual energy storage medium is investigated. The energy storage system is based on the forceful compression of two magnetic Halbach arrays. The mass and volume energy density is obtained and compared to existing common energy storage systems. The charge and discharge times and depths are also discussed. In addition, limits and considerations, which are needed for practical implementation, e.g., risk of demagnetization, internal mechanical stresses, heating of the magnetic structure and financial efficiency are investigated.

1. Ter-Gazarian, A. G., Energy Storage for Power Systems, 2nd Ed., The Institution of Engineering and Technology, London, 2011.
doi:10.1049/PBPO063E

2. Huggins, R. A., Energy Storage, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, 2010.
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1024-0

3. Rosen, M. A. Ed., Energy Storage, Nova Science Pub Inc., Hauppauge, 2012.

4. Grijalva, S. and M. U. Tariq, "Prosumer-based smart grid architecture enables a flat, sustainable electricity industry," IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2011. Google Scholar

5. Zheng, J., D. W. Gao, and L. Li, "Smart meters in smart grid: An overview," IEEE Green Technologies Conference, 2013. Google Scholar

6., Supermagnete, Available: http://www.supermagnete.de/eng/. Google Scholar

7. Pawlowski, M., "Permanent magnet energy storage apparatus,", U.S. Patent 5446319 A, August 29, 1995. Google Scholar

8., Finite Element Method Magnetics, Available: http://www.femm.info/. Google Scholar

9. Meeker, D., "Force on a taper plunger magnet,", Available: http://www.femm.info/wiki/RotersExample. Google Scholar

10., Vizimag, Available: http://www.softpedia.com/get/Science-CAD/Vizimag.shtml. Google Scholar

11. Jackson, J. D., Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, 1999.

12. Mallinson, J. C., "One-sided fluxes --- A magnetic curiosity?," IEEE Trans. Magnetics, Vol. 9, 678-682, 1973.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.1973.1067714 Google Scholar

13. Halbach, K., "Physical and optical properties of rare earth Cobalt magnets," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Vol. 187, 109-117, August 1981.
doi:10.1016/0029-554X(81)90477-8 Google Scholar

14. Post, R. F. and D. D. Ryutov, "The inductrack approach to magnetic levitation," MAGLEV 2000 The 16th International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 6-11, 2000. Google Scholar

15. Pyrhone, J., T. Jokinen, and V. Hrabovcova, Design of Rotating Electrical Machines, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2009.

16. Friend, P., "Magnetic levitation train technology 1," Tech. Rep., Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bradley University, May 2004. Google Scholar

17. Griffiths, D. J., "Introduction to Electrodynamics," Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, 1999. Google Scholar

18. Ma, G. T., J. S. Wang, and S. Y. Wang, "3D finite element modeling of a Maglev system using bulk high Tc superconductor and its application," Applications of High-Tc Superconductivity, A. Luiz (ed.), InTech, Available: http://www.intechopen.com/books/applications-of-high-tc-superconductivity. Google Scholar

19. Sakamoto, T. and H.Wakimoto, "Internal stress analysis of Halbach array magnets with application to linear synchronous motors," International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, 2008, SPEEDAM 2008, 136-141, June 11-13, 2008. Google Scholar

20. Rovers, J. M. M., J. W. Jansen, E. A. Lomonova, and M. J. C. Ronde, "Calculation of the static forces among the permanent magnets in a Halbach array," IEEE Trans. Magnetics, Vol. 45, No. 10, October 2009. Google Scholar

21., Magpole, Available: http://www.magnetpole.com/smco-magnets-71.html. Google Scholar

22. Donoso, G., C. L. Ladera, and P. Martin, "Damped fall of magnets inside a conducting pipe," Am. J. Phys., Vol. 79, No. 2, February 2011.
doi:10.1119/1.3531964 Google Scholar

23. Donoso, G., C. L. Ladera, and P. Martin, "Magnet fall inside a conductive pipe: Motion and the role of the pipe wall thickness," Eur. J. Phys., Vol. 30, 855-869, 2009.
doi:10.1088/0143-0807/30/4/018 Google Scholar

24. Beckman, O., G. Grimvall, B. Kjollerstrom, and T. Sundstrom, Energilara --- grundlaggande termodynamik, Solna, Liber, 2005.

25. Arslan, M. A., "Flywheel geometry design for improved energy storage using finite element analysis," Materials & Design, Vol. 29, 514-518, 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.020 Google Scholar

26., Electricity storage association, Available: http://www.electricitystorage.org/technology/storage technologies/technology comparison.
doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.020 Google Scholar

27. "Rare-earth free permanent magnets,", Available: http://refreepermag-fp7.eu/project/what-is-refreepermag/.
doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2007.01.020 Google Scholar

Dr. Daniel Mansson