2014-02-16
Geometrical and Physical Parameters Affecting Distant Electric Fields Radiated by Lightning Return Strokes.
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 58, 167-180, 2014
Abstract
In this paper detailed numerical results are presented for the estimation of the electric field generated by the first return stroke, in order to reproduce the main characteristics of field waveforms measured at distances beyond 50 km. The effect of parameters such as the lightning channel geometry, distance from the source, return-stroke current speed, its attenuation along the channel is discussed by comparing numerical and experimental results.
Citation
Carlo Petrarca, "Geometrical and Physical Parameters Affecting Distant Electric Fields Radiated by Lightning Return Strokes.," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 58, 167-180, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIERB14012009
References

1. Uman, M. A. and V. A. Rakov, Lightning Physics and Effects, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
doi:10.1017/CBO9781107340886

2. Borghetti, A., A. S. Morched, F. Napolitano, C. A. Nucci, and M. Paolone, "Lightning-induced overvoltages transferred through distribution power transformers," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 24, No. 1, 360-372, Jan. 2009.
doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2002674        Google Scholar

3. Uman, M. A., The Art and Science of Lightning Protection, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2008.
doi:10.1017/CBO9780511585890

4. Andreotti, A., C. Petrarca, V. A. Rakov, and L. Verolino, "Calculation of voltages induced on overhead conductors by nonvertical lightning channels," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 54, No. 4, 860-870, Jan. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2011.2174995        Google Scholar

5. Noda, T., M. Sakae, and S. Yokoyama, "Simulation of lightning surge propagation from distribution line to consumer entrance via pole-mounted transformer," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, No. 1, 442-444, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TPWRD.2003.820410        Google Scholar

6. De Vivo, B., P. Lamberti, V. Tucci, and C. Petrarca, "Simulation of the bearing voltage in an inverter-fed induction motor by a full three phase multi conductor," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 46, 233-250, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERB12090605        Google Scholar

7. Rakov, V. A. and M. A. Uman, "Review and evaluation lightning return stroke models including some aspects of their application," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 40, No. 4, 403-426, 1998.
doi:10.1109/15.736202        Google Scholar

8. Rakov, V. A. and F. Rachidi, "Overview of recent progress in lightning research and lightning protection," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 51, No. 3, 428-442, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2009.2019267        Google Scholar

9. Lin, Y. T., M. A. Uman, J. A. Tiller, R. D. Brantley, W. H. Beasley, E. P. Krider, and C. D. Weidman, "Characterization of lightning return stroke electric and magnetic fields from simultaneous two-station measurements," J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 84, 6307-6314, 1979.
doi:10.1029/JC084iC10p06307        Google Scholar

10. Shoory, A., F. Rachidi, M. Rubinstein, R. Moini, and S. H. H. Sadeghi, "Analytical expression for zero-crossing times in lightning return-stroke engineering models," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 51, No. 4, 963-974, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2009.2029699        Google Scholar

11. Shoory, A., F. Rachidi, M. Rubinstein, R. Moini, and S. H. H. Sadeghi, "Why do some lightning return stroke models not reproduce the far-field zero crossing?," J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, D16204, 2009.
doi:10.1029/2008JD011547        Google Scholar

12. Lupµo, G., C. Petrarca, V. Tucci, and M. Vitelli, "EM fields associated with lightning channels: On the effect of tortuosity and branching," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 42, No. 4, 394-404, Nov. 2000.
doi:10.1109/15.902309        Google Scholar

13. Andreotti, A., U. De Martinis, C. Petrarca, V. A. Rakov, and L. Verolino, "Lightning electromagnetic fields and induced voltages: Influence of channel tortuosity," 30th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, URSIGASS, Paper 6050702, Turkey, 2011.        Google Scholar

14. Pavlick, A., D. E. Crawford, and V. A. Rakov, "Characteristics of Distant lightning electric fields," Proc. of Intl. Conf. on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), 703-707, Naples, Italy, Sep. 22-26, 2002.        Google Scholar

15. Haddad, M. A. and V. A. Rakov, "New measurements of distant lightning electric fields in Florida: Waveform characteristics, interaction with the ionosphere, and peak current estimates," J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 117, D10101, 2012.
doi:10.1029/2011JD017196        Google Scholar

16. Haddad, M. A., V. A. Rakov, and S. A. Cummer, "New measurements of lightning electric fields in Florida: Waveform characteristics, interaction with the ionosphere, and peak current estimates," J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 117, D110101, 2012.        Google Scholar

17. Lupµo, G., C. Petrarca, V. Tucci, and M. Vitelli, "EM fields generated by lightning channels with arbitrary location and slope," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 42, No. 1, 39-53, Feb. 2000.
doi:10.1109/15.831703        Google Scholar

18. Andreotti, A., C. Petrarca, V. A. Rakov, and L. Verolino, "Evaluation of EM fields from return stroke for indirect --- Lightning protection of wind turbines," 2013 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), 755-759, Alghero, Italy, Jun. 2013.        Google Scholar

19. Ogata, K., Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall, New York, 1976.

20. Rachidi, F., W. Janischewskyj, A. M. Hussein, C. A. Nucci, S. Guerrieri, B. Kordi, and J.-S. Chang, "Current and electromagnetic ¯eld associated with lightning-return strokes to tall towers," IEEE Trans. on Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 43, No. 3, 39-53, 2001.
doi:10.1109/15.942607        Google Scholar

21. Uman, M. and D. K. McLain, "Magnetic field of the lightning return stroke," J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 74, 6899-6910, 1969.
doi:10.1029/JC074i028p06899        Google Scholar

22. Rakov, V. A. and A. A. Dulzon, "A modified transmission line model for lightning return stroke field calculations," 9th Int. Symposium on Electromagn. Compat., 229-235, Zurich, Switzerland, Mar. 1991.        Google Scholar

23. Nucci, C. A., C. Mazzetti, F. Rachidi, and M. Ianoz, "On lightning return stroke models for LEMP calculations," 19th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Graz, Austria, Apr. 1988.        Google Scholar

24. Bruce, C. E. R. and R. H. Golde, "The lightning discharge," J. Inst. Electr. Eng., Vol. 88, 487-520, 1941.        Google Scholar

25. Heidler, F., "Lightning electromagnetic pulse, theorie und messungen,", Ph.D. Dissertation, Fakultat der Elektrotechnik, Univ. Bundeswehr, Munich, Germany, 1987.        Google Scholar

26. Diendorfer, G. and M. A. Uman, "An improved return stroke model with specified channel-base current," J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 95, 13621-13644, 1990.
doi:10.1029/JD095iD09p13621        Google Scholar

27. Uman, M., D. K. McLain, and E. P. Krider, "The electromagnetic radiation from a finite antenna," Am. Journal of Physics, Vol. 43, 33-38, 1975.
doi:10.1119/1.10027        Google Scholar

28. Idone, V. P. and R. E. Orville, "Lightning return stroke velocities in the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP)," Journal of Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 87, No. C7, 4903-4916, Jun. 1982.
doi:10.1029/JC087iC07p04903        Google Scholar

29. Hill, R. D., "Analysis of irregular paths of lighting channels," J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 73, No. 6, 1897-1906, 1968.
doi:10.1029/JB073i006p01897        Google Scholar

30. Uman, M., J. Schoene, V. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, and G. H. Schnetzer, "Correlated time derivatives of current, electric ¯eld intensity and magnetic flux density for triggered lightning at 15 m," J. Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, 4160-4172, 2002.
doi:10.1029/2000JD000249        Google Scholar

31. LeVine, D. M. and R. Meneghini, "Simulation of radiation from lightning return strokes: The effects of tortuosity," Radio Sci., Vol. 13, No. 5, 801-809, Sep./Oct. 1978.
doi:10.1029/RS013i005p00801        Google Scholar