volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A single-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) longitudinal slot array antenna with low sidelobe level (SLL) in H plan and wide beamwidth in E plan is presented for 77 GHz millimeter-wave angular radar applications. The radiation energy of the antenna is determined by the length and offset of the slot. The conductance of the slot that satisfies the Taylor distribution can effectively suppress the sidelobe of antennas. Measured results indicate that the SLL of the E plane is -28.5 dB, and the 3 dB beamwidth is 98.3°. A measured peak gain of 12.7 dB is observed with a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 75.5 GHz~77.4 GHz. The measured results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations, and the proposed antenna has been demonstrated as a promising candidate used for millimeter-wave automotive angular radar for the proposed antenna array.

1. Hasch, J., E. Topak, R. Schnabel, et al. "Millimeter-wave technology for automotive radar sensors in the 77 GHz frequency band," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 60, No. 3, 845-860, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2011.2178427 Google Scholar

2. Menzel, W. and A. Moebius, "Antenna concepts for millimeter-wave automotive radar sensors," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 100, No. 100, 2372-2379, 2012.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2012.2184729 Google Scholar

3. Hirokawa, J. and M. Ando, "Single-layer feed waveguide consisting of posts for plane TEM wave excitation in parallel plates," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 46, No. 5, 625-630, 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.668903 Google Scholar

4. Martinez-Ros, A. J., J. L. G'omez-Tornero, and G. Goussetis, "Holographic pattern synthesis with modulated substrate integrated waveguide line-source leaky-wave antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 7, 3466-3474, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2257650 Google Scholar

5. Yang, H., G. Montisci, Z. Jin, et al. "Improved design of low sidelobe substrate integrated waveguide longitudinal slot array," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 237-240, 2014. Google Scholar

6. Huang, G. L., S. G. Zhou, T. H. Chio, et al. "A low profile and low sidelobe wideband slot antenna array feb by an amplitude-tapering waveguide feed-network," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 1, 419-423, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2365238 Google Scholar

7. Cheng, Y. J., H. Xu, D. Ma, et al. "Millimeter-wave shaped-beam substrate integrated conformal array antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 9, 4558-4566, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2267202 Google Scholar

8. Cai, Y., Z. Qian, Y. Zhang, et al. "A compact wideband SIW-fed dielectric antenna with end-fire radiation pattern," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 64, No. 4, 1502-1507, 2016.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2016.2522466 Google Scholar

9. Xu, F. and K. Wu, "Guided-wave and leakage characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 53, No. 1, 66-73, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.839303 Google Scholar

10. Cassivi, Y., L. Perregrini, P. Arcioni, et al. "Dispersion characteristics of substrate integrated rectangular waveguide," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 12, No. 9, 333-335, 2002.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2002.803188 Google Scholar

11. Yan, L., W. Hong, K. Wu, et al. "Investigations on the propagation characteristics of the substrate integrated waveguide based on the method of lines," IEE Proceedings — Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 152, No. 1, 35-42, 2005.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20040726 Google Scholar

12. Guo, Q. Y. and H. Wong, "Wideband and high-gain Fabry-P´erot cavity antenna with switched beams for millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 7, 4339-4347, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2019.2905781 Google Scholar

13. Elliott, R., "An improved design procedure for small arrays of shunt slots," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 31, No. 1, 48-53, 1983.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1983.1143002 Google Scholar

14. Elliott, R. and W. O'Loughlin, "The design of slot arrays including internal mutual coupling," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 34, No. 9, 1149-1154, 1986.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1986.1143947 Google Scholar

15. Elliott, R. and L. Kurtz, "The design of small slot arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 26, No. 2, 214-219, 1978.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1978.1141814 Google Scholar

16. Stern, G. and R. S. Elliott, "Resonant length of longitudinal slots and validity of circuit representation: Theory and experiment," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 33, No. 11, 1264-1271, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1985.1143509 Google Scholar

17. Stevenson, A. F., "Theory of slots in rectangular waveguides," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 19, No. 1, 24-38, 1948.
doi:10.1063/1.1697868 Google Scholar

18. Lu, H. C. and T. H. Chu, "Equivalent circuit of radiating longitudinal slots in substrate integrated waveguide," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, 2004, Vol. 3, 2341-2344, IEEE, 2004. Google Scholar

19. Wen, Y. Q., B. Z. Wang, and X. Ding, "Wide-beam SIW-slot antenna for wide-angle scanning phased array," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 15, 1638-1641, 2016.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2016.2519938 Google Scholar

20. Stevenson, A. F., "Theory of slots in rectangular wave-guides," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 19, No. 1, 24, 1948.
doi:10.1063/1.1697868 Google Scholar

Dr. Xin Liao

Dr. Xing Jiang

Dr. Xue-Long Zhu

Dr. Lin Peng

Dr. Kai-Fa Wang

Dr. Ji-Heng Wang

Dr. Li-Mei Huang