Vol. 118
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERC 142 [2024] PIERC 141 [2024] PIERC 140 [2024] PIERC 139 [2024] PIERC 138 [2023] PIERC 137 [2023] PIERC 136 [2023] PIERC 135 [2023] PIERC 134 [2023] PIERC 133 [2023] PIERC 132 [2023] PIERC 131 [2023] PIERC 130 [2023] PIERC 129 [2023] PIERC 128 [2023] PIERC 127 [2022] PIERC 126 [2022] PIERC 125 [2022] PIERC 124 [2022] PIERC 123 [2022] PIERC 122 [2022] PIERC 121 [2022] PIERC 120 [2022] PIERC 119 [2022] PIERC 118 [2022] PIERC 117 [2021] PIERC 116 [2021] PIERC 115 [2021] PIERC 114 [2021] PIERC 113 [2021] PIERC 112 [2021] PIERC 111 [2021] PIERC 110 [2021] PIERC 109 [2021] PIERC 108 [2021] PIERC 107 [2021] PIERC 106 [2020] PIERC 105 [2020] PIERC 104 [2020] PIERC 103 [2020] PIERC 102 [2020] PIERC 101 [2020] PIERC 100 [2020] PIERC 99 [2020] PIERC 98 [2020] PIERC 97 [2019] PIERC 96 [2019] PIERC 95 [2019] PIERC 94 [2019] PIERC 93 [2019] PIERC 92 [2019] PIERC 91 [2019] PIERC 90 [2019] PIERC 89 [2019] PIERC 88 [2018] PIERC 87 [2018] PIERC 86 [2018] PIERC 85 [2018] PIERC 84 [2018] PIERC 83 [2018] PIERC 82 [2018] PIERC 81 [2018] PIERC 80 [2018] PIERC 79 [2017] PIERC 78 [2017] PIERC 77 [2017] PIERC 76 [2017] PIERC 75 [2017] PIERC 74 [2017] PIERC 73 [2017] PIERC 72 [2017] PIERC 71 [2017] PIERC 70 [2016] PIERC 69 [2016] PIERC 68 [2016] PIERC 67 [2016] PIERC 66 [2016] PIERC 65 [2016] PIERC 64 [2016] PIERC 63 [2016] PIERC 62 [2016] PIERC 61 [2016] PIERC 60 [2015] PIERC 59 [2015] PIERC 58 [2015] PIERC 57 [2015] PIERC 56 [2015] PIERC 55 [2014] PIERC 54 [2014] PIERC 53 [2014] PIERC 52 [2014] PIERC 51 [2014] PIERC 50 [2014] PIERC 49 [2014] PIERC 48 [2014] PIERC 47 [2014] PIERC 46 [2014] PIERC 45 [2013] PIERC 44 [2013] PIERC 43 [2013] PIERC 42 [2013] PIERC 41 [2013] PIERC 40 [2013] PIERC 39 [2013] PIERC 38 [2013] PIERC 37 [2013] PIERC 36 [2013] PIERC 35 [2013] PIERC 34 [2013] PIERC 33 [2012] PIERC 32 [2012] PIERC 31 [2012] PIERC 30 [2012] PIERC 29 [2012] PIERC 28 [2012] PIERC 27 [2012] PIERC 26 [2012] PIERC 25 [2012] PIERC 24 [2011] PIERC 23 [2011] PIERC 22 [2011] PIERC 21 [2011] PIERC 20 [2011] PIERC 19 [2011] PIERC 18 [2011] PIERC 17 [2010] PIERC 16 [2010] PIERC 15 [2010] PIERC 14 [2010] PIERC 13 [2010] PIERC 12 [2010] PIERC 11 [2009] PIERC 10 [2009] PIERC 9 [2009] PIERC 8 [2009] PIERC 7 [2009] PIERC 6 [2009] PIERC 5 [2008] PIERC 4 [2008] PIERC 3 [2008] PIERC 2 [2008] PIERC 1 [2008]
2022-02-21
Design and Analysis of a Versatile Undesired Radiation Suppression Scheme in the Domain of Collaborative Beamforming
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 118, 159-175, 2022
Abstract
A typical outcome of Collaborative Beamforming (CB) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the presence of relatively high radiation in undesired directions, an aspect attributed to the usual random arrangement of collaborating sensor nodes. High radiation in undesired directions and prominent sidelobes are bound to result in interference in adjacent co-channel networks. Research towards suppression of radiation in undesired directions in CB is active with a number of proposals already in place. Most of the proposals are in the domain/perspective of 2-dimension WSN configuration with a focus on suppressing the highest-leveled (peak) sidelobe only. Commonly, peak sidelobe suppression is achieved through nodes' transmission amplitude perturbation after a conventional phase steering based beamsteering procedure. In this paper, concurrent amplitude and phase perturbation at collaborating nodes has been utilized towards achieving concurrent beamsteering and suppression of radiation in an elaborate set of undesired directions. A variant of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been applied in the node transmit amplitude and phase perturbation process. Selection of radiation suppression directions is done uniformly from the set of all possible undesired radiation directions. A WSN featuring planar node arrangement with the sink at an elevated plane has been used as the analysis platform. The proposed scheme outperforms the peak sidelobe suppression approach in terms of observed radiation in undesired directions and average sidelobe levels. It has also been established that increasing the number of collaborating nodes and/or the number of selected undesired radiation directions in the proposed CB scheme leads to undesired radiation performance improvement although at an exponentially decaying rate.
Citation
Robert Macharia, Phillip Kibet Langat, and Peter Kamita Kihato, "Design and Analysis of a Versatile Undesired Radiation Suppression Scheme in the Domain of Collaborative Beamforming," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 118, 159-175, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERC21101101
References

1. Jayaprakasam, S., S. K. A. Rahim, and C. Y. Leow, "Distributed and collaborative beamforming in wireless sensor networks: Classifications, trends, and research directions," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2092-2116, 2017.
doi:10.1109/COMST.2017.2720690

2. Liang, S., T. Feng, G. Sun, J. Zhang, and H. Zhang, "Transmission power optimization for reducing sidelobe via bat-chicken swarm optimization in distributed collaborative beamforming," 2016 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), 2164-2168, IEEE, 2016.
doi:10.1109/CompComm.2016.7925083

3. Liang, S., Z. Fang, G. Sun, Y. Liu, G. Qu, S. Jayaprakasam, and Y. Zhang, "A joint optimization approach for distributed collaborative beamforming in mobile wireless sensor networks," Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 106, 102216, 2020.
doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2020.102216

4. Sun, G., X. Zhao, G. Shen, Y. Liu, A. Wang, S. Jayaprakasam, Y. Zhang, and V. C. Leung, "Improving performance of distributed collaborative beamforming in mobile wireless sensor networks: A multiobjective optimization method," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 7, No. 8, 6787-6801, 2020.
doi:10.1109/JIOT.2020.2983519

5. Hasan, M. Z. and H. Al-Rizzo, "Beamforming optimization in internet of things applications using robust swarm algorithm in conjunction with connectable and collaborative sensors," Sensors, Vol. 20, No. 7, 2048, 2020.
doi:10.3390/s20072048

6. Sun, G., X. Zhao, S. Liang, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, and V. C. Leung, "A hybrid optimization approach for suppressing sidelobe level and reducing transmission power in collaborative beamforming," 2019 IEEE 90th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Fall), 1-6, IEEE, 2019.

7. Liang, S., Z. Fang, G. Sun, Y. Liu, X. Zhao, G. Qu, Y. Zhang, and V. C. Leung, "Joint sidelobe suppression approach for collaborative beamforming in wireless sensor networks," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 803-817, 2019.

8. Bao, X., H. Liang, and L. Han, "A novel node selection algorithm for collaborative beamforming in wireless sensor networks," 2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things, 345-349, IEEE, 2018.

9. Sun, G., Y. Liu, S. Liang, Z. Chen, A. Wang, Q. Ju, and Y. Zhang, "A sidelobe and energy optimization array node selection algorithm for collaborative beamforming in wireless sensor networks," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 2515-2530, 2017.

10. Sun, G., Y. Liu, Z. Chen, A. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Tian, and V. C. Leung, "Energy efficient collaborative beamforming for reducing sidelobe in wireless sensor networks," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 1-7, 2019.

11. Almagboul, M. A., F. Shu, Y. Qian, X. Zhou, J. Wang, and J. Hu, "Atom search optimization algorithm based hybrid antenna array receive beamforming to control sidelobe level and steering the null," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 111, 152854, 2019.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2019.152854

12. Gravas, I. P., Z. D. Zaharis, T. V. Yioultsis, P. I. Lazaridis, and T. D. Xenos, "Adaptive beamforming with sidelobe suppression by placing extra radiation pattern nulls," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 6, 3853-3862, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2019.2905709

13. Zhao, W., J. Lin, S. Chan, and H.-H. So, "A division-free and variable-regularized lms-based generalized sidelobe canceller for adaptive beamforming and its efficient hardware realization," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, 64 470-64 485, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875409

14. Zhou, M., X. Ma, P. Shen, and W. Sheng, "Weighted subspace-constrained adaptive beamforming for sidelobe control," IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 23, No. 3, 458-461, 2019.
doi:10.1109/LCOMM.2019.2896578

15. Sun, G., Y. Liu, H. Li, S. Liang, A. Wang, and B. Li, "An antenna array sidelobe level reduction approach through invasive weed optimization," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2018, 2018.

16. Yang, F., G. Pei, L. Hu, L. Ding, and Y. Li, "Joint optimization of sinr and maximum sidelobe level for hybrid beamforming systems with sub-connected structure," Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 109, 102917, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2020.102917

17. Brooks, D., The Sampling Distribution and Central Limit Theorem, 1st Edition, Kindle, April 25, 2012.

18. Turner, J. R. and J. F. Thayer, Introduction to Analysis of Variance: Design, Analyis and Interpretation, 1st Edition, SAGE Publications, April 13, 2001.

19. Haynes, W., "Tukey's test," Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, Springer, New York, 2013.