volume | PIER Journals

2022-07-12

A Mathematical Approach to the Effect of Mobile Position on Human Head Against RF Radiation

Pudipeddi Sai Spandana,

Dr. Pudipeddi Sai Spandana

Department of Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engg.

GITAM School of Technology, GITAM Deemed to be University

India

Homepage

Pappu V. Y. Jayasree

Dr. Pappu V. Y. Jayasree

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

GITAM University

India

Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 121, 127-144, 2022

doi:10.2528/PIERC22051604

Abstract

The proposed work focuses on the mathematical interpretation of Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness (ESE) of age-dependent human Head Models (HMs) of seven tissues (Skin, Fat, Bone, Dura, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Gray matter, and White Matter) with the impact of the mobile phone holding position on the RF radiation absorption by the human head. The ESE is first simulated and estimated using the Transmission Line Method approach: a. for only layered human Head Models (HMs) in the absence of mobile position with variation in Oblique Angle of Incidence (OAI) in Transverse Electric Polarization (TEP) and Transverse Magnetic Polarization (TMP), b. in the presence of mobile phone position and Polarization. c. by incorporating the Transparent Conductive Metal Mesh Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (Copper grid PET Film) as a shielding material in the presence and absence of Polarization and mobile phone holding positions. The Copper grid PET Film is composed of optical PET film laminated with Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) Transparent Conductive Mesh Coatings (TCMCs) to form a transparent laminated mesh. The radiation absorption characteristic, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), is evaluated numerically at four Sub-6 GHz frequencies from the obtained ESE data to draw collation at the least SAR absorbed by the age-dependent HMs, considering the water contents of tissues. Out of adult and child HMs, the child HM absorbed the higher RF SAR. However, with the transparent PET/Cu/Ni Laminated Mesh (LM), at 5.47 GHz, the SAR by the brain's white matter in child HM is highest in TEP with no shield considered is 10 W/kg. With transparent LM, the SAR obtained is 2.8e-12 W/kg in TEP in no mobile phone tilt condition at 89˚ OAI. With the user mobile tilt at 15˚ and 30˚, the SAR absorbed by the brain WM is 2.62e-12 W/kg and 2.1e-12 W/kg, respectively at 89˚. Hence, the SAR absorption is the least in any direction (azimuth or elevation) when the mobile phone is tilted to 30˚ in TE Polarization using the transparent PET/Cu/Ni laminated mesh. Therefore, the usage of transparent PET/Cu/Ni laminated mesh in TE Polarization saw the least SAR absorbed, whether the mobile phone is tilted either towards or away from the head when the mobile phone is moved to 15˚ or 30˚ tilted position.

Citation

Copy Export

Pudipeddi Sai Spandana, and Pappu V. Y. Jayasree, "A Mathematical Approach to the Effect of Mobile Position on Human Head Against RF Radiation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 121, 127-144, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERC22051604

References

1. Gultekin, D. H. and P. H. Siegel, "Absorption of 5G radiation in brain tissue as a function of frequency, power and time," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 115593-115612, 2020.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3002183

2. Ramachandran, T., M. R. I. Faruque, and M. T. Islam, "SpeciFIc absorption rate reduction for sub-6 frequency range using polarization dependent metamaterial with high effective medium ratio," Scientific Reports, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1-182, 2022.
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99269-x

3. Sacco, G., S. Pisa, and Z. Maxim, "Age-dependence of electromagnetic power and heat deposition in near-surface tissues in emerging 5G bands," Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1-11, 2021.
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79139-8

4. Lwin, Z. M. and M. Yokota, "Numerical analysis of SAR and temperature distribution in two dimensional human head model based on FDTD parameters and the polarization of electromagnetic wave," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 104, 91-98, 2019.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2019.03.010

5. Bhargava, D., N. Leeprechanon, et al. "Specific absorption rate and temperature elevation in the human head due to overexposure to mobile phone radiation with different usage patterns," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 130, 1178-1188, 2019.
doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.031

6. Iqbal-Faruque, M. R., et al., "Effects of mobile phone radiation onto human head with variation of holding cheek and tilt positions," Journal of Applied Research and Technology, Vol. 12, No. 5, 871-876, 2014.
doi:10.1016/S1665-6423(14)70593-0

7. Drossos, A., V. Santomaa, and N. Kuster, "The dependence of electromagnetic energy absorption upon human head tissue composition in the frequency range of 300-3000 MHz," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 48, No. 11, 1988-1995, 2000.
doi:10.1109/22.884187

8. Rajagopal, B. and L. Rajasekaran, "SAR assessment on three layered spherical human head model irradiated by mobile phone antenna," Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1-11, 2014.
doi:10.1186/s13673-014-0010-1

9. Hout, S. and J. Y. Chung, "Design and characterization of a miniaturized implantable antenna in a seven-layer brain phantom," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 162062-162069, 2019.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2951489

10. Wang, J., O. Fujiwara, and S. Watanabe, "Approximation of aging effect on dielectric tissue properties for SAR assessment of mobile telephones," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 48, No. 2, 408-413, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2006.874085

11. http://niremf.ifac.cnr.it/docs/DIELECTRIC/AppendixC.html.

12. https://hollandshielding.com/Transparent-EMI-shielding-copper-grid-PET-film.

13. https://www.thoughtco.com/table-of-electrical-resistivity-conductivity-608499.

14. Liu, Y. and J. Tan, "Frequency dependent model of sheet resistance and effect analysis on shielding effectiveness of transparent conductive mesh coatings," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 140, 353-368, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER13050312

15. Ott, H. W., Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

16. Jayasree, P. V. Y., V. S. S. Baba, B. P. Rao, and P. Lakshman, "Analysis of shielding effectiveness of single, double and laminated shields for oblique incidence of EM waves," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 22, 187-202, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERB10051305

17. Spandana, P. S. and P. V. Y. Jayasree, "Numerical computation of SAR in human head with transparent shields using transmission line method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 105, 31-44, 2021.
doi:10.2528/PIERM21080405

18. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and others "Guidelines for limiting exposure to electromagnetic fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)," Health Physics, Vol. 118, No. 5, 483-524, 2020.
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001210

19. Mohammed, B., K. Bialkowski, A. Abbosh, P. C. Mills, and A. P. Bradley, "Closed-form equation to estimate the dielectric properties of biological tissues as a function of age," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 38, No. 6, 474-481, 2017.
doi:10.1002/bem.22054

20. Dutta, P. K., P. V. Y. Jayasree, and V. S. S. N. S. Baba, "SAR reduction in the modelled human head for the mobile phone using different material shields," Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1-22, 2016.
doi:10.1186/s13673-016-0059-0