volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This research extends the theory of binomial array antennas. A closed-form expression for the half-power beamwidth of the array factor of an array antenna is presented. The expression is correct for the ratios of element spacing to wavelength greater than or equal to one quarter. Also, exact equations for determining the half-power beamwidth for main-beam steering are derived. A comparison with an approximate formula for the half-power beamwidth of binomial array antennas is carried out.

1. Josefsson, L. and P. Persson, Conformal Array Antenna Theory and Design, IEEE Press, 2006.
doi:10.1002/047178012X

2. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3rd Ed., 329, Wiley, 2005.

3. Van Trees, H. L., Optimum Array Processing Part IV of Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Wiley, 2002.
doi:10.1002/0471221104

4. Orfanidis, S. J., Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas, 1141-1144, Sophocles J. Orfanidis, 2016.

5. Stutzman, W. L. and G. A. Thiele, “Arrays,” Antenna Theory and Design, 2nd Edition, Ch. 3, Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 1998.

6. Nikolova, N. K., "Lecture notes on antenna engineering,", 308, McMaster University, Canada, 2018.

7. Hansen, R. C., "Array pattern control and synthesis," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 80, No. 1, 141-151, Jan. 1992.
doi:10.1109/5.119573

8. Mailloux, R. J., Phased Array Antenna Handbook, 2nd Ed., Artech House Antennas and Propagation Library, 2005.

9. Apostolov, P., A. Stefanov, and S. Andonova, "Application of Hausdorff window for array antennas design," 2019 27th National Conference with International Participation (TELECOM), 4-7, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TELECOM48729.2019.8994898

10. Mistialustina, H., Chairunnisa, and A. Munir, "Performance analysis of power weighted linear array antennas based on Blackman function," 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium — Spring (PIERS-Spring), 4132-4137, Rome, Italy, Jun. 17–20, 2019.

11. Haupt, R. L., "Phase-only adaptive nulling with a genetic algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 6, 1009-1015, Jun. 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.585749

12. Han, J.-H., S.-H. Lim, and N.-H. Myung, "Array antenna TRM failure compensation using adaptively weighted beam pattern mask based on genetic algorithm," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 11, 18-21, 2012.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2181475

13. Toso, G. and R. Mailloux, "Guest editorial for the special issue on innovative phased array antennas based on non-regular lattices and overlapped subarrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 4, 1546-1548, Apr. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2311312

14. Lee, Y., J. Seo, J. Ha, and D. Park, "Null steering of linear phased array antenna using genetic algorithm," 2009 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference, 2726-2729, 2009.
doi:10.1109/APMC.2009.5385356

15. Miller, E. K., "Synthesizing linear-array patterns via matrix computation of element currents," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 55, No. 5, 85-96, Oct. 2013, doi: 10.1109/MAP.2013.6735478.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2013.6735478

16. Kyurkchiev, N., Some Intrinsic Properties of Adaptive Functions to Piecewise Smooth Data, Plovdiv University Press, 2021, ISBN 978-619-202-670-7.

17. Kyurkchiev, N., A. Iliev, V. Arnaudova, and A. Rahnev, "Investigations on some new cumulative distributions via cosine and sine functions," International Journal of Differential Equations and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 1, 75-88, 2021.

18. Sendov, B., Hausdorff Approximations, Springer, 1990, ISBN: 978-94-009-0673-0.
doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0673-0

19. Kedar, A., Sparse Phased Array Antennas: Theory and Applications, Artech, 2022.

20. Morabito, A. F., A. Di Carlo, L. Di Donato, T. Isernia, and G. Sorbello, "Extending spectral factorization to array pattern synthesis including sparseness, mutual coupling, and mounting-platform effects," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 7, 4548-4559, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2905977.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2019.2905977

21. Morabito, A. F., A. Massa, P. Rocca, and T. Isernia, "An effective approach to the synthesis of phase-only reconfigurable linear arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 8, 3622-3631, Aug. 2012, doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2201099.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2201099

22. Apostolov, P., "Efficient two-element array antenna," 12th National Conference with International Participation (ELECTRONICA), 1-4, 2021.

23. Apostolov, P., B. Yurukov, and A. Stefanov, "Efficient threeelement binomial array antenna," 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium — Spring (PIERS-Spring), 4127-4131, Rome, Italy, Jun. 17–20, 2019.

24. Apostolov, P. and D. G. Valchev, "Steering of two-element array antenna with arbitrary narrow beam array factor," 2023 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), 89-95, Prague, Czech Republic, 2023.

25. Apostolov, P., "Antenna array synthesis, using method of compressed cosines," PIERS Proceedings, 1816-1820, Stockholm, Aug. 2013.

26. Apostolov, P. S., "Linear equidistant antenna array with improved selectivity," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 10, 3940-3943.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2163743

27. Stone, S., United States Patents No. 1,643,323 and No. 1,715,433.

28. Ricardi, L. J., "Radiation properties of the binomial array," Microw. J., Vol. 15, No. 12, 20-21, Dec. 1972.

29. Jangi Golezani, J., S. Paker, and C. A. Balanis, "Compact expression for the directivity of binomial array with no restriction in element spacing," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 653-656, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2016.2595107

30. Mahmood, A. S. and D. A. Ibrahim, "Study of the binomial excitation of a linear broadside 10-element dipole antenna array," International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2016.

Professor Peter Apostolov