Vol. 41
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERM 126 [2024] PIERM 125 [2024] PIERM 124 [2024] PIERM 123 [2024] PIERM 122 [2023] PIERM 121 [2023] PIERM 120 [2023] PIERM 119 [2023] PIERM 118 [2023] PIERM 117 [2023] PIERM 116 [2023] PIERM 115 [2023] PIERM 114 [2022] PIERM 113 [2022] PIERM 112 [2022] PIERM 111 [2022] PIERM 110 [2022] PIERM 109 [2022] PIERM 108 [2022] PIERM 107 [2022] PIERM 106 [2021] PIERM 105 [2021] PIERM 104 [2021] PIERM 103 [2021] PIERM 102 [2021] PIERM 101 [2021] PIERM 100 [2021] PIERM 99 [2021] PIERM 98 [2020] PIERM 97 [2020] PIERM 96 [2020] PIERM 95 [2020] PIERM 94 [2020] PIERM 93 [2020] PIERM 92 [2020] PIERM 91 [2020] PIERM 90 [2020] PIERM 89 [2020] PIERM 88 [2020] PIERM 87 [2019] PIERM 86 [2019] PIERM 85 [2019] PIERM 84 [2019] PIERM 83 [2019] PIERM 82 [2019] PIERM 81 [2019] PIERM 80 [2019] PIERM 79 [2019] PIERM 78 [2019] PIERM 77 [2019] PIERM 76 [2018] PIERM 75 [2018] PIERM 74 [2018] PIERM 73 [2018] PIERM 72 [2018] PIERM 71 [2018] PIERM 70 [2018] PIERM 69 [2018] PIERM 68 [2018] PIERM 67 [2018] PIERM 66 [2018] PIERM 65 [2018] PIERM 64 [2018] PIERM 63 [2018] PIERM 62 [2017] PIERM 61 [2017] PIERM 60 [2017] PIERM 59 [2017] PIERM 58 [2017] PIERM 57 [2017] PIERM 56 [2017] PIERM 55 [2017] PIERM 54 [2017] PIERM 53 [2017] PIERM 52 [2016] PIERM 51 [2016] PIERM 50 [2016] PIERM 49 [2016] PIERM 48 [2016] PIERM 47 [2016] PIERM 46 [2016] PIERM 45 [2016] PIERM 44 [2015] PIERM 43 [2015] PIERM 42 [2015] PIERM 41 [2015] PIERM 40 [2014] PIERM 39 [2014] PIERM 38 [2014] PIERM 37 [2014] PIERM 36 [2014] PIERM 35 [2014] PIERM 34 [2014] PIERM 33 [2013] PIERM 32 [2013] PIERM 31 [2013] PIERM 30 [2013] PIERM 29 [2013] PIERM 28 [2013] PIERM 27 [2012] PIERM 26 [2012] PIERM 25 [2012] PIERM 24 [2012] PIERM 23 [2012] PIERM 22 [2012] PIERM 21 [2011] PIERM 20 [2011] PIERM 19 [2011] PIERM 18 [2011] PIERM 17 [2011] PIERM 16 [2011] PIERM 14 [2010] PIERM 13 [2010] PIERM 12 [2010] PIERM 11 [2010] PIERM 10 [2009] PIERM 9 [2009] PIERM 8 [2009] PIERM 7 [2009] PIERM 6 [2009] PIERM 5 [2008] PIERM 4 [2008] PIERM 3 [2008] PIERM 2 [2008] PIERM 1 [2008]
2015-03-07
Harmonic Transponders: Performance and Challenges
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 41, 139-147, 2015
Abstract
Performance of a harmonic transponder strongly depends on the properties of the antenna and diode used, which makes finding a good combination of them very important. For a transponder with a fixed antenna geometry, the effect of different diodes is analyzed through electromagnetic simulations and theoretical calculations. The antenna used in the transponder is directly matched to the impedance properties of a particular diode. Effects of both detector and varactor diodes on the return loss characteristics of the antenna and the obtainable transponder response are observed. Criteria for selecting a suitable diode are given. Benefits and drawbacks of using different antenna matching techniques are discussed, and principal design steps are given both for transponders matched directly to the antenna and for transponders with external matching circuits.
Citation
Kimmo Rasilainen, Janne Ilvonen, Anu Lehtovuori, Jari-Matti Hannula, and Ville Viikari, "Harmonic Transponders: Performance and Challenges," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 41, 139-147, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIERM15011605
References

1. Finkenzeller, K., RFID Handbook, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 2003.
doi:10.1002/0470868023

2. Marrocco, G., "Pervasive electromagnetics: Sensing paradigms by passive RFID technology," Wireless Commun., Vol. 17, No. 6, 10-17, Dec. 2010.
doi:10.1109/MWC.2010.5675773

3. Khan, M. S., M. S. Islam, and H. Deng, "Design of a reconfigurable RFID sensing tag as a generic sensing platform towards the future Internet of Things," IEEE Internet Things J., Vol. 1, No. 4, 300-310, Aug. 2014.
doi:10.1109/JIOT.2014.2329189

4. Vogler, J. G., D. J. Maquire, and A. E. Steinhauer, "DINADE --- A new interrogation, navigation and detection system," Microw. J., Vol. 10, No. 4, 2-6, Apr. 1967.

5. Cant, E. T., A. D. Smith, D. R. Reynold, and J. L. Osborne, "Tracing butterfly flight paths across the landscape with harmonic radar," Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biolog. Sci., Vol. 272, No. 1565, 785-790, Apr. 2005.
doi:10.1098/rspb.2004.3002

6. Colpitts, B. G. and G. Boiteau, "Harmonic radar transceiver design: Miniature tags for insect tracking," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 52, No. 11, 2825-2832, Nov. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.835166

7. RECCO Rescue System, , A system for locating avalanche victims, Recco AB, Lidingö, Sweden, [Online] Available: http://www.recco.com/about (Cited Jan. 8, 2015).

8. Riley, J. R. and A. D. Smith, "Design considerations for an harmonic radar to investigate the flight of insects at low altitude," Comput. Electron. Agriculture, Vol. 35, No. 2-3, 151-169, Aug. 2002.
doi:10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00016-9

9. Tsai, Z.-M., P.-H. Jau, N.-C. Kuo, J.-C. Kao, K.-Y. Lin, F.-R. Chang, E.-C. Yang, and H. Wang, "A high-range-accuracy and high-sensitivity harmonic radar using pulse pseudorandom code for bee searching," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., Vol. 61, No. 1, 666-675, Jan. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2230020

10. Singh, A. and V. M. Lubecke, "Respiratory monitoring and clutter rejection using a CW Doppler radar with passive RF tags," IEEE Sensors J., Vol. 12, No. 3, 558-565, Mar. 2012.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2011.2134083

11. Aumann, H., E. Kus, B. Cline, and N. W. Emanteoglu, "A low-cost harmonic radar for tracking very small tagged amphibians," Proc. IEEE Int. Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf. (I2MTC), 234-237, Minneapolis, MN, USA, May 2013.

12. Psychoudakis, D., W. Moulder, C.-C. Chen, H. Zhu, and J. L. Volakis, "A portable low-power harmonic radar system and conformal tag for insect tracking," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 7, 444-447, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2008.2004512

13. Tiang, J. J., M. T. Islam, N. Misran, and J. S. Mandeep, "Circular microstrip slot antenna for dual-frequency RFID application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 120, 499-512, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11090202

14. Chioukh, L., H. Boutayeb, D. Deslandes, and K. Wu, "Noise and sensitivity of harmonic radar architecture for remote sensing and detection of vital signs," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., Vol. 62, No. 9, 1847-1855, Sep. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2014.2343934

15. Mazzaro, G. J., A. F. Martone, and D. M. McNamara, "Detection of RF electronics by multitone harmonic radar," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., Vol. 50, No. 1, 477-490, Jan. 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2013.120798

16. Kubina, B., J. Romeu, C. Mandel, M. Schüßler, and R. Jakoby, "Quasi-chipless wireless temperature sensor based on harmonic radar," Electron. Lett., Vol. 50, No. 2, 86-88, Jan. 2014.
doi:10.1049/el.2013.3061

17. Alimenti, F. and L. Roselli, "Theory on zero-power RFID sensors based on harmonic generation and orthogonally polarized antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 134, 337-357, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER12090103

18. Rasilainen, K., J. Ilvonen, A. Lehtovuori, J.-M. Hannula, and V. Viikari, "On design and evaluation of harmonic transponders," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 63, No. 1, 15-23, Jan. 2015.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2366193

19. Rasilainen, K., J. Ilvonen, and V. Viikari, "Antenna matching at harmonic frequencies to complex load impedance," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 14, 535-538, 2015.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2014.2370760

20. Pozar, D. M., Microwave Engineering, 4th Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ., USA, 2012.

21. Skyworks Solutions, Inc., , Wireless handset chip supplier, Woburn, MA., USA, [Online] Available: http://www.skyworksinc.com (Cited Jan. 8, 2015).

22. Avago Technologies, , Semiconductor component manufacturer, San Jose, CA., USA, [Online] Available: http://www.avagotech.com (Cited Jan. 8, 2015).

23. SEMCAD-X, , An FDTD-based electromagnetic simulator, Ver. 14.8 Aletsch, Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, Zurich, Switzerland, [Online] Available: http://www.semcad.com (Cited Jan. 8, 2015).

24. AWR Design Environment, , A circuit simulator, Ver. 10.02r, AWR Corporation, El Segundo, CA, USA, [Online] Available: http://www.awrcorp.com (Cited Jan. 8, 2015).

25. Datasheet for ETS-Lindgren 3146-08 quad-ridged horn antenna, [Online] Available: http://www.ets-lindgren.com (Cited Jan. 13, 2015).

26. Lehtovuori, A., R. Valkonen, and M. Valtonen, "Dual-band matching of arbitrary loads," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 56, No. 12, 2958-2966, Dec. 2014.
doi:10.1002/mop.28747

27. Rahola, J., "Estimating the performance of matching circuits for antennas," Proc. 4th European Conf. Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2010.