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2023-12-05
PIER M
Vol. 122, 11-20, 2023
download: 41
Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting Device at ISM Band for Low Power IoT
Jefferson Ribadeneira-Ramírez , Jorge Santamaria , Patricio Romero and Mario Alejandro Paguay
Low Energy (LE) devices for communication systems like Bluetooth, 5G New Radio (NR), etc. are most likely to be powered by a battery, however, the limitation of the utilization time of this power supply entails it to be handled in different way; one of them is using electromagnetic energy harvesting paradigm, which could be capable to supply the energy consumption of this device. In this research it is presented the design and implementation of a device for radio frequency energy harvesting in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. As first step, field intensity measurements in ``Facultad de Informatica y Electronica'' (FIE) were performed by the utilization of NARDA SRM 3006 radiation meter, with the aim of determining the technology with highest radio frequency (RF) energy within the 2.4 GHz ISM band. After the analysis, the chosen was WiFi technology due to the massive implementation that exists in the surroundings. Therefore, the frequency of 2.45 GHz was selected as the center frequency for the design. The device was implemented using FR4 Epoxy glass material with a dielectric permitivity of 4.4 and a dielectric thickness of 1.6 mm. The device consists of 3 stages: i) Capturing energy using a microstrip patch antenna ii) Rectification using a coupling network followed by a rectifying circuit and iii) Energy storage using the method of harmonic balance and electromagnetic moment. Finally, harvesting measurements were carried out in FIE's laboratory; the RF energy of a WiFi router was harvested and at 10 cm a voltage of 510.6 mV was obtained, this level of voltage was capable of turning on a led diode demonstrating the functioning of the device.
Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting Device at ISM Band for Low Power IoT
2023-12-04
PIER M
Vol. 122, 1-9, 2023
download: 53
Flexible Microstrip Patch Antenna Design on Jeans Substrate Radiating at 2.45 GHz for WBAN Application
Saikumar Mulkalla , Avish Fakirde and Paritosh D. Peshwe
This study presents a compact, low-profile, and flexible fabric antenna specifically designed for on-body Wireless Body Area Networks operating within the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band at a central frequency of 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna employs a jeans substrate, with a dielectric constant εr = 1.67 and loss tangent tanδ = 0.025, which is 0.5 mm in thickness, allowing for its flexibility. The antenna incorporates slots on the patch and a Defected Ground Structure (DGS), with a total size of 36 × 55 × 0.6 mm3 (0.29λo x 0.45λo x 0.005λo mm3). To assess the antenna's flexibility, bending analysis was performed, while its performance was evaluated using a phantom model that simulates human tissue, comprising skin, fat, and bone, with respective thicknesses of 1 mm, 0.5 mm, and 4 mm. The final model of the antenna operates at a central frequency of 2.45 GHz, with an impressive bandwidth of 0.8 GHz. The proposed design maintains a high level of directivity, gain, and Reflection Coefficient (S11) at the desired frequency, with values of 4.7 dBi, 3.6 dBi, and -41 dB, respectively. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the final antenna was measured on the above model and found to be 0.114 W/Kg for 1 g of tissue, which is well within the limits established by IEEE and FCC standards. Both the measured and simulated values of return loss and gain suggest that the proposed antenna is eminently suitable for body-worn applications.
Flexible Microstrip Patch Antenna Design on Jeans Substrate Radiating at 2.45 GHz for WBAN Application