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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2011-11-15
Vegetation Attenuation Measurements and Modeling in Plantations for Wireless Sensor Network Planning
By
David Lorater Ndzi,

    Dr. David Lorater Ndzi

    Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering

    University of Portsmouth

    UK

    Homepage

Latifah M. Kamarudin,

    Dr. Latifah M. Kamarudin

    School of Computer and Communication Engineering

    University of Malaysia Perlis

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Abdul Aziz Muhammad Ezanuddin,

    Mr. Abdul Aziz Muhammad Ezanuddin

    School of Computer and Communication Engineering

    University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Ammar Zakaria,

    Dr. Ammar Zakaria

    School of Mechatronic Engineering

    University of Malaysia Perlis

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Raad Badlishah Ahmad,

    Dr. Raad Badlishah Ahmad

    School of Computer and Communication Engineering

    University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Mohd Fareq Bin Abd Malek,

    Dr. Mohd Fareq Bin Abd Malek

    School of Computer and Communication Engineering

    Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Ali Yeon Md. Shakaff,

    Dr. Ali Yeon Md. Shakaff

    School of Mechatronic Engineering

    Universiti Malaysia Perlis

    Malaysia

    Homepage

M. N. Jafaar

    Dr. M. N. Jafaar

    School of Bioprocess Engineering

    University of Malaysia Perlis

    Malaysia

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 36, 283-301, 2012
doi:10.2528/PIERB11091908 | Google Scholar

Abstract
As wireless communication moves from long to short ranges with considerably lower antenna heights, the need to understand and be able to predict the impact of vegetation on coverage and quality of wireless services has become very important. This paper focuses on vegetation attenuation measurements for frequencies in the range 0.4-7.2 GHz in mango and oil palm plantations to evaluate vegetation attenuation models for application in wireless sensor network planning and deployment in precision agriculture. Although a number of models have been proposed and evaluated for specific frequencies, results show that these models do not perform well when applied to different vegetation types or at different frequencies. A global assessment of the models using a broad range of frequencies shows that the COST 235 model gives more consistent results when there is vegetation in the propagation path. For grid-like plantation, the study shows that the RET model provides the best prediction of path loss for measurements between two rows of trees. However, taking into account the limited number of parameter values available for the RET model and the potential inaccuracy that may results from the use of a wrong parameter value, a sub-optimal model which combines the ITUR model with ground reflection does offer a more consistent prediction. The differences in the average values of RMS error between RET, ITUR and free space loss models when combined with ground reflection is less than 1.6 dB.
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Citation
David Lorater Ndzi, Latifah M. Kamarudin, Abdul Aziz Muhammad Ezanuddin, Ammar Zakaria, Raad Badlishah Ahmad, Mohd Fareq Bin Abd Malek, Ali Yeon Md. Shakaff, and M. N. Jafaar, "Vegetation Attenuation Measurements and Modeling in Plantations for Wireless Sensor Network Planning," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 36, 283-301, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERB11091908
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