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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2012-01-26
Permittivity of Waste-Activated Sludge by an Open-Ended Coaxial Line
By
Jake S. Bobowski,

    Professor Jake S. Bobowski

    School of Engineering

    University of British Columbia Okanagan

    Canada

    Homepage

Thomas Johnson,

    Dr. Thomas Johnson

    School of Engineering

    University of British Columbia Okanagan

    Canada

    Homepage

Cigdem Eskicioglu

    Dr. Cigdem Eskicioglu

    School of Engineering

    University of British Columbia Okanagan

    Canada

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 29, 139-149, 2012
doi:10.2528/PIERL11120304 | Google Scholar

Abstract
The complex permittivity of thickened waste activated sludge (WAS) was measured from 3 MHz to 40 GHz. The solid content of the thickened WAS sample was varied from 4.5% to 18% by weight. The permittivity spectra exhibit features typical of biological tissues that have a high water content. At high frequencies, a Debye type dispersion is observed with a relaxation rate of 19 GHz characteristic of the bulk water in the sample (γ-dispersion). At lower frequencies, the solid content of the samples determines the properties of the permittivity. The onset of the so-called β-dispersion, attributed to the charging of cell membranes, occurs between 10-100 MHz. For samples with higher solid concentrations, a weak dispersion of the real part of the permittivity, characteristic of bound water, was observed at intermediate frequencies (δ-dispersion).
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Citation
Jake S. Bobowski, Thomas Johnson, and Cigdem Eskicioglu, "Permittivity of Waste-Activated Sludge by an Open-Ended Coaxial Line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 29, 139-149, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERL11120304
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