volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Planar antenna array design is one of the most important electromagnetic optimization problems of current interest. This paper introduces a recently developed metaheuristic algorithm, known as the Invasive Weed Optimization(IWO), to the pattern synthesis of planar antenna arrays with desired pattern nulls and sidelobe level by amplitude-only and position-only optimization. The steps in the problem formulation are presented along with a design example that illustrates the performance of the IWO algorithm. Three examples have been presented and solved. Simulation results are proposed to compare with published ones to verify the effectiveness of the IWO algorithm for planar arrays.

1. Handbook of Antennas in Wireless Communications,, L. C. Godara, Editor, CR Boca Raton, FL, 2002.

2. Haupt, R. L., "Thinned arrays using genetic algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 42, No. 7, 993-999, 1994.
doi:10.1109/8.299602 Google Scholar

3. Chen, K., Z. He, and C. Han, "A modified real GA for the sparse linear array synthesis with multiple constraints," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 7, 2167-2173, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.877211 Google Scholar

4. Quevedo-Teruel, O. and E. Rajo-Iglesias, "Ant colony optimization in thinned array synthesis with minimum sidelobe level," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, No. 1, 349-352, 2006.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2006.880693 Google Scholar

5. Lin, C., A. Qing, and Q. Feng, "Synthesis of unequally spaced antenna arrays by using differential evolution," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 8, 2553-2561, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2048864 Google Scholar

6. Kurup, D. G., M. Himdi, and A. Rydberg, "Synthesis of uniform amplitude unequally spaced antenna arrays using the differential evolution algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 9, 2210-2217, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.816361 Google Scholar

7. Guo, J.-L. and J.-Y. Li, "Pattern synthesis of conformal array antenna in the presence of platform using differential evolution algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 9, 2615-2621, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2027046 Google Scholar

8. Zhang, L., Y.-C. Jiao, Z.-B. Weng, and F.-S. Zhang, "Design of planar thinned arrays using a boolean differential evolution algorithm," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 4, No. 12, 2172-2178, 2010.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2009.0630 Google Scholar

9. Khodier, M. M. and C. G. Christodoulou, "Linear array geometry synthesis with minimum sidelobe level and null control using particle swarm optimization," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 8, 2674-2679, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.851762 Google Scholar

10. smail, T. H. and Z. M. Hamici, "Array pattern synthesis using digital phase control by quantized particle swarm optimization," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 6, 2142-2145, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2046853 Google Scholar

11. Kennedy, J. and R. C. Eberhart, "A discrete binary version of the particle swarm algorithm," Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 4104-4108, Orlando, FL, USA, 1997. Google Scholar

12. Wang, W.-B., Q.-Y. Feng, and D. Liu, "Synthesis of thinned linear and planar antenna arrays using binary PSO algorithm," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 127, 371-387, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER12020301 Google Scholar

13. Mehrabian, A. R. and C. Lucas, "A novel numerical optimization algorithm inspired from weed colonization," Ecological Informatics, Vol. 1, 355-366, 2006.
doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2006.07.003 Google Scholar

14. Sedighy, S. H., et al. "Optimization of printed Yagi antenna using invasive weed optimization (IWO)," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 1275-1278, 2010.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2105458 Google Scholar

15. Karimkashi, S., A. A. Kishk, and D. Kajfez, "Antenna array optimization using dipole models for MIMO applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 8, 3112-3116, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2158976 Google Scholar

16. Foudazi, A. and A. R. Mallahzadeh, "Pattern synthesis for multifeed re°ector antennas using invasive weed optimisation," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 6, No. 14, 1583-1589, 2012.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2012.0045 Google Scholar

17. Monavar, F. M., N. Komjani, and P. Mousavi, "Application of invasive weed optimization to design a broadband patch antenna with symmetric radiation pattern," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 10, 1369-1372, 2011.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2011.2177801 Google Scholar

18. Bai, Y.-Y., et al., "A hybrid IWO/PSO algorithm for pattern synthesis of conformal phased arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 61, No. 4, 2328-2332, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2231936 Google Scholar

19. Roy, G. G., et al. "Design of non-uniform circular antenna arrays using a modified invasive weed optimization algorithm," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 59, No. 1, 110-118, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2090477 Google Scholar

20. Basak, A., et al. "A modified invasive weed optimization algorithm for time-modulated linear antenna array synthesis," IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 1-8, 2010.
doi:10.1109/CEC.2010.5586276 Google Scholar

21. Wolpert, D. H. and W. G. Macready, "No free lunch theorems for optimization," IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 1, 67-83, 1997.
doi:10.1109/4235.585893 Google Scholar

22. Fulginei, F. R., A. Salvini, and , "Comparative analysis between modern heuristics and hybrid algorithms," COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 26, No. 2, 259-268, 2007.
doi:10.1108/03321640710727629 Google Scholar

Dr. Huaning Wu

Mr. Chao Liu