volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, we present five different approaches to estimate direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple incident RF sources. The proposed methods are based on extracting the signal and noise subspaces from the Q matrix, R matrix, or both Q and R matrices of the QR decomposed received data matrix. The angle of the signal arrival is extracted from the signal subspace by using similar techniques as employed by MUSIC and ESPRIT methods. The simulation results are shown which verify accurate DOA estimates for both single and two sources. In addition, an experimental verification of the proposed methods is also presented. The methods are implemented in LabVIEW software and a prototype is built using National Instruments (NI) hardware. Furthermore, the details of experimental procedures are presented which includes interfacing the uniform linear array (ULA) of antennas with the NI-PXI platform, phase difference calibration between the RF receivers, and selection of transmitter and receiver parameters. The experimental results are shown for a single and two RF sources lying at arbitrary angles from the array reference, which verify the successful real-time implement-ability of the proposed DOA estimation methods.

1. Zhang, Y., Z. Ye, X. Xu, and J. Cui, "Estimation of two-dimensional direction-of-arrival for uncorrelated and coherent signals with low complexity," IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Vol. 4, No. 4, 507, 2010.
doi:10.1049/iet-rsn.2009.0104 Google Scholar

2. Paulraj, A., R. Roy, and T. Kailath, "Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques --- ESPRIT," Nineteeth Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Systems and Computers, 83-89, 1985.
doi:10.1109/ACSSC.1985.671426 Google Scholar

3. Yang, P., F. Yang, and Z.-P. Nie, "DOA estimation with sub-array divided technique and interporlated ESPRIT algorithm on a cylindrical conformal array antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 103, 201-216, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10011904 Google Scholar

4. Kim, Y.-S. and Y.-S. Kim, "Improved resolution capability via virtual expansion of array," Electronics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 19, 1596, 1999.
doi:10.1049/el:19991108 Google Scholar

5. Park, G.-M. and S.-Y. Hong, "Resolution enhancement of coherence sources impinge on a uniform circular array with array expansion," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 15, 2205-2214, Jan. 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307783134371 Google Scholar

6. Tayem, N., M. Omer, H. Gami, and J. Nayfeh, "QR-TLS ESPRIT for source localization and frequency estimations," Asilomar Conference on Signals and Systems, 2013. Google Scholar

7. Tayem, N., M. Omer, M. El-Lakkis, S. A. Raza, and J. F. Nayfeh, "Hardware implementation of a proposed Qr-Tls DOA estimation method and Music, ESPRIT Algorithms on Ni-Pxi platform," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 45, 203-221, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIERC13091001 Google Scholar

8. Ichige, K. and H. Arai, "Implementation of FPGA based fast DOA estimator using unitary MUSIC algorithm [cellular wireless base station applications," 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484), Vol. 1, 213-217, 2003. Google Scholar

9. Ichige, K. and H. Arai, "Real-time smart antenna system incorporating FPGA-based fast DOA estimator," IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC2004-Fall, Vol. 1, 160-164, 2004. Google Scholar

10. Wang, H. and M. Glesner, "Hardware implementation of smart antenna systems," Advances in Radio Science, Vol. 1, 185-188, 2006.
doi:10.5194/ars-4-185-2006 Google Scholar

11. Osman, L., I. Sfar, and A. Gharsallah, "Comparative study of high-resolution direction-of-arrival estimation algorithms for array antenna system,", Vol. 2, No. 1, 72-77, 2012. Google Scholar

12. Schmidt, R. O., "Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 34, No. 3, 276-280, Mar. 1986.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1986.1143830 Google Scholar

13. Barabell, A. J., "Improving the resolution performance of eigenstructure based direction finding algorithms," Proceedings of the ICASSP-83, 336-339, 1983. Google Scholar

14. Roy, R. and T. Kailath, "ESPRIT estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 29, No. 4, 984-995, Jul. 1989. Google Scholar

15. Horn, R. A. and C. Johnson, Matrix Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1985.
doi:10.1017/CBO9780511810817

16. Golub, G. and C. F. van Loan, Matrix Computations, 3rd Ed., 2715 North Charles Street, The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore Maryland, 1996.

17. Verdu, S., "Multiuser Detection," Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998. Google Scholar

18. Scharf, L., "Statistical Signal Processing: Detection, Estimation and Time Series Analysis," Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc, Reading, MA, 1991. Google Scholar

19. Poor, V., An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation, 2nd Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.

20. Bjorck, A., Numerical Methods for Least Squares Problems, SIAM, Philadelphia, 1996.
doi:10.1137/1.9781611971484

21. Lounici, M., X. Luanand, and W. Saadi, "Implementation of QR-decomposition based on CORDIC for unitary MUSIC algorithm," Proc. SPIE 8878, Fifth International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP 2013), 88784L, 2013.
doi:10.1117/12.2031772 Google Scholar

Dr. Nizar Tayem