volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Shear-horizontal (SH) wave is commonly used in monitoring and detecting steel plate structures. Electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) based on magnetostriction owns higher transducing efficiency and can be applied in non-contact situations. In some practical applications, it is necessary to inspect the structure on a specific direction and the inspecting direction is required to be variable and accurately controllable. This work proposes a novel direction-controllable EMAT for SH0 mode waves based on magnetostriction. Theoretical foundation and analysis on the magnetostriction model of the new EMAT and working parameters determination are conducted. The detailed structure and design of the new EMAT are presented, with the pre-magnetized open annular nickel strap bonded to the steel plate providing the circumferential static bias magnetic field, and the cooperation of embedded conductors in the rotating slider and open metal rings providing the dynamic magnetic field. Besides, the experimental system for the performance verification of the new EMAT is setup. Three indexes, the dead zone angle, focus angle and consistency error are defined to evaluate the performance quantitatively. The dead zone angle of the new EMAT is 28.74°; the focus angle is 10.7°; the consistency error is only 1.4%. Experimental results show that the proposed direction-controllable EMAT is highly directional. The stimulating direction can be accurately controlled, and the circumferential consistency is fairly high. The direction-controllable EMAT can hopefully provide a practical solution for directional monitoring and inspecting for steel plate structures.

1. Zhao, Q., J. N. Hao, and W. L. Yin, "A simulation study of flaw detection for rail sections based on high frequency magnetic induction sensing using the boundary element method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 141, 309-325, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER13042702 Google Scholar

2. Shlivinski, A., "Ultra wideband wave-based linear inversion in lossless ladder networks," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 125, 97-118, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER12010804 Google Scholar

3. Gravenkamp, H., "A remark on the computation of shear-horizontal and torsional modes in elastic waveguides," Ultrasonics, Vol. 69, 25-28, 2016.
doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2016.03.003 Google Scholar

4. Wang, Q., M. Hong, and Z. Q. Su, "An in-situ structural health diagnosis technique and its realization via a modularized system," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 64, 873-887, 2015.
doi:10.1109/TIM.2014.2362417 Google Scholar

5. Li, J. and B. Shanker, "Time-dependent Lorentz-Mie-Debye formulation for electromagnetic scattering from dielectric spheres," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 154, 195-208, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIER15121404 Google Scholar

6. Lee, J., J. Park, and Y. Cho, "A novel ultrasonic NDE for shrink fit welded structures using interface waves," Ultrasonics, Vol. 68, 1-7, 2016.
doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2016.01.009 Google Scholar

7. Hirao, M. and H. Ogi, "An SH-wave EMAT technique for gas pipeline inspection," NDT & E International, Vol. 32, 127-132, 1999.
doi:10.1016/S0963-8695(98)00062-0 Google Scholar

8. Khalili, P. and P. Cawley, "Excitation of single-mode lamb waves at high-frequency-thickness products," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, Vol. 63, 303-312, 2016.
doi:10.1109/TUFFC.2015.2507443 Google Scholar

9. Karaiskos, G., A. Deraemaeker, D. G. Aggelis, and D. Van Hemelrijck, "Monitoring of concrete structures using the ultrasonic pulse velocity method," Smart Materials and Structures, Vol. 24, 113001, 2015.
doi:10.1088/0964-1726/24/11/113001 Google Scholar

10. Murayama, R., "Non-destructive evaluation of formability in cold rolled steel sheets using the SH0-mode plate wave by electromagnetic acoustic transducer," Ultrasonics, Vol. 39, 335-343, 2001.
doi:10.1016/S0041-624X(01)00068-3 Google Scholar

11. Ding, J. C., B. Wu, and C. F. He, "Reflection and transmission coefficients of the SH0 mode in the adhesive structures with imperfect interface," Ultrasonics, Vol. 70, 248-257, 2016.
doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2016.05.010 Google Scholar

12. Lowe, P. S., R. M. Sanderson, N. V. Boulgouris, A. G. Haig, and W. Balachandran, "Inspection of cylindrical structures using the first longitudinal guided wave mode in isolation for higher flaw sensitivity," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 16, 706-714, 2016.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2015.2487602 Google Scholar

13. Glushkov, E., N. Glushkova, A. Eremin, and R. Lammering, "Group velocity of cylindrical guided waves in anisotropic laminate composites," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 135, 148-154, 2014.
doi:10.1121/1.4829534 Google Scholar

14. Keller, S. M., A. E. Sepulveda, and G. P. Carman, "Effective magnetoelectric properties of magnetoelectroelastic (multiferroic) materials and effects on plane wave dynamics," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 154, 115-126, 2015.
doi:10.2528/PIER15082008 Google Scholar

15. Thring, C. B., Y. Fan, and R. S. Edwards, "Focused Rayleigh wave EMAT for characterisation of surface-breaking defects," NDT & E International, Vol. 81, 20-27, 2016.
doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2016.03.002 Google Scholar

16. Seher, M. and R. Challis, "The electrical properties of a planar coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer and their implications for noise performance," Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 27, 025102, 2016.
doi:10.1088/0957-0233/27/2/025102 Google Scholar

17. Lee, J. K., H. W. Kim, and Y. Y. Kim, "Omnidirectional lamb waves by axisymmetrically-configured magnetostrictive patch transducer," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, Vol. 60, 1928-1934, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2777 Google Scholar

18. Ribichini, R., F. Cegla, P. B. Nagy, and P. Cawley, "Experimental and numerical evaluation of electromagnetic acoustic transducer performance on steel materials," NDT & E International, Vol. 45, 32-38, 2012.
doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.08.007 Google Scholar

19. Dixon, S., M. P. Fletcher, and G. Rowlands, "The accuracy of acoustic birefringence shear wave measurements in sheet metal," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 104, 114901, 2008.
doi:10.1063/1.3033395 Google Scholar

20. Seung, H. M., C. Il Park, and Y. Y. Kim, "An omnidirectional shear-horizontal guided wave EMAT for a metallic plate," Ultrasonics, Vol. 69, 58-66, 2016.
doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2016.03.011 Google Scholar

21. Wilcox, P. D., M. Lowe, and P. Cawley, "Omnidirectional guided wave inspection of large metallic plate structures using an EMAT array," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, Vol. 52, 653-665, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1428048 Google Scholar

22. Roh, Y. and J. Kim, "Detection of cracks on a plate by piezoelectric interdigital transducers," Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems, 2011. Google Scholar

23. Masuyama, H., K. Mizutani, and K. Nagai, "Sound source with direction-variable beam using annular transducer array," 2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 1-2, 1097-1100, 2002. Google Scholar

24. Iwaya, K., R. Murayama, and T. Hirayama, "Study of ultrasonic sensor that is effective for all direction using an electromagnetic force," International Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2014, Vol. 9302, 2015. Google Scholar

25. Wei, Z., S. L. Huang, S.Wang, and W. Zhao, "Magnetostriction-based omni-directional guided wave transducer for high-accuracy tomography of steel plate defects," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 15, 6549-6558, 2015.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2015.2462834 Google Scholar

Dr. Yu Zhang

Dr. Songling Huang

Dr. Shen Wang

Dr. Wei Zhao