2016-11-23
Statistical Investigation of Clear Air Propagation in the Coastal and Plateau Regions of Nigeria
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 37-41, 2016
Abstract
The long-term meteorological data of Era-interim from 1979 to 2014 covering the observation at 00, 06, 12 and 18 have been used to derive vertical refractivity gradient in the lowest 100. Diurnal, seasonal and annual variations of refractivity gradient and its component are analyzed for coastal and plateau areas of Nigeria. The relative frequency of the occurrence of gradient below -100 N-units/km used in clear air propagation study is derived from cumulative distribution of the gradient. Occurrence of anomalous propagation in each region is also estimated. The result will help in the effective wireless link planning and design.
Citation
Israel Emmanuel, and Babatunde Adeyemi, "Statistical Investigation of Clear Air Propagation in the Coastal and Plateau Regions of Nigeria," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 37-41, 2016.
doi:10.2528/PIERL16092906
References

1. Karmakar, P. K., L. Sengupta, M. Maiti, and C. F. Angelis, "Some of the atmospheric influences on microwave propagation through atmosphere," American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, 350-3458, 3458.
doi:10.5251/ajsir.2010.1.2.350.358        Google Scholar

2. Adediji, A. T. and M. O. Ajewole, "Vertical profile of radio refractivity gradient in Akure South-west Nigeria," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 4, 157-168, 2008.        Google Scholar

3. Lavergnat, J. and M. Sylvain, Radio Wave Propagation: Principles and Techniques, John Wiley & Sons.

4. Adeyemi, B. and I. Emmanuel, "Monitoring tropospheric radio refractivity over Nigeria using CM --- SAF data derived from NOAA ---15, 16 and 18 satellites," Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics, Vol. 40, 301-310, 2011.        Google Scholar

5. Adeyemi, B., "Tropospheric radio refractivity over three Radiosonde Stations in Nigeria," Ife Journal of Science, Vol. 6, No. 2, 167-176, 2004.        Google Scholar

6. Willoughby, A. A., T. O. Aro, and I. E. Owolabi, "Seasonal variations of radio refractivity gradients in Nigeria," Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 64, 417-425, 2002.
doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(01)00111-0        Google Scholar

7. Dee, D. P., E. Kallen, A, J. Simmons, and L. Haimberger, "Comments on Reanalysis suitable for characterizing long-term trends," Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., Vol. 92, 65-70, 2011.
doi:10.1175/2010BAMS3070.1        Google Scholar

8. ITU-R P.453 "The radio refractivity index: Its formula and refractivity data,", International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, 2012.        Google Scholar

9. Elgered, G., H. P. Plag, H. Van der Marel, S. Barlag, and J. Nash, "COST-716, 2004: Exploitation of ground-based GPS for operational numerical weather prediction and climate applications," Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 8-9, 2005.        Google Scholar

10. Ruger, J. M., "Refractive index formulae for radio waves," Proceedings, FIG XXII International Congress, Washington DC, Apr. 19-26, 2002.        Google Scholar

11. Thayer, G., "An improved equation for the radio refractive index of air," Radio Science, Vol. 9, No. 10, 803-807, 1974.
doi:10.1029/RS009i010p00803        Google Scholar

12. Sonntag, D., "Important new values of the physical constants of 1986, vapour pressure formulations based on the ITS-90 and psychrometer formulae," Zeitschrift f¨ur Meteorologie, Vol. 40, No. 5, 340-344, 1990.        Google Scholar

13. Buck, A. L., "New equations for computing water vapor pressure and enhancement factor," J. Appl. Meteor., Vol. 20, 1527-1532, 1981.
doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<1527:NEFCVP>2.0.CO;2        Google Scholar

14. Dominguez, M. A., A. Benarroch, and J. M. Riera, "Refractivity statistics in Spain: First results,", COST 255, CP52004, May 1998.        Google Scholar

15. Manning, T., "Microwave radio transmission design guide," Artech House Microwave Library, 2nd Edition, 129-224, 2009.        Google Scholar

16. Adediji, A. T., M. O. Ajewole, S. E. Falodun, and O. R. Oladosu, "Radio refractivity measurement at 150m altitude on TV tower in Akure, south-west Nigeria," Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 8, 1308-1313, 2007.        Google Scholar

17. Adedokun, J. A., "West African precipitation and dominant atmospheric mechanisms," Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl., Ser. A, Vol. 27, 289-310, 1978.
doi:10.1007/BF02247952        Google Scholar

18. AbouAlmal, A., R. A. Abd-Alhameed, S. M. R. Jones, and H. Al-Ahmad, "New methodology for predicting vertical atmospheric profile and propagation parameters in subtropical arabian gulf region," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 63, No. 9, 4057-4068, Sep. 2015.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2015.2452937        Google Scholar