volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, a wideband differential phase shifter based on modified T- and Pi- networks is proposed. Invoking the even-odd mode analysis in this symmetric phase shifter, closed-form equations of its S-parameters are derived. The derived equations enable a generic design scheme of the phase shifter, that is, ideally the phase shifter can be designed for any differential phase requirements. To illustrate the proposed idea, design parameters for differential phases of 45˚, 60˚, 75˚, 90˚, 105˚ and 120˚ are evaluated and tabulated considering a center frequency of 3 GHz. Simulation of these examples using the Keysight ADS exhibits the intended performance. For validation, a 90˚ phase shifter has been fabricated and tested. The measurement results show a return loss better that 10 dB, an insertion loss of less than 1 dB, and a ± 7° of phase deviation from 1.18 GHz to 5.44 GHz, which is equivalent to a fractional bandwidth of 142%.

1. Schiffman, B. M., "A new class of broad-band microwave 90-degree phase shifters," IRE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 6, No. 2, 232-237, April 1985.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1958.1124543 Google Scholar

2. Schiek, B. and J. Kohler, "A method for broad-band matching of microstrip differential phase shifters," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 25, No. 8, 666-671, August 1977.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1977.1129183 Google Scholar

3. Brown, W. J. and J. P. Starski, "A broad-band differential phase shifter of novel design," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 3, 1319-1322, 1999. Google Scholar

4. Quirarte, J. L. R. and J. P. Starski, "Novel Schiffman phase shifters," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 41, No. 1, 9-14, January 1993.
doi:10.1109/22.210223 Google Scholar

5. Guo, Y., Z. Zhang, and L. Ong, "Improved wideband Schiffman phase shifter," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 54, No. 3, 1196-1200, March 2006.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2005.864105 Google Scholar

6. Abbosh, A. M., "Ultra-wideband phase shifters," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 55, No. 9, 1935-1941, September 2007.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2007.904051 Google Scholar

7. Guo, L. and A. M. Abbosh, "Phase shifters with wide range of phase and ultra-wideband performance using stub-loaded coupled structure," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 24, No. 3, 167-169, March 2014.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2013.2293658 Google Scholar

8. Zheng, S. Y., W. S. Chan, and K. F. Man, "Broadband phase shifter using loaded transmission line," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 20, No. 9, 498-500, September 2010.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2010.2050868 Google Scholar

9. Tang, X. and K. Mouthaan, "Design of a UWB phase shifter using shunt λ/4 stubs," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 1021-1024, June 2009. Google Scholar

10. Yeung, S. H., Z. Mei, T. K. Sarkar, and M. Salazar-Palma, "Design and testing of a single-layer microstrip ultrawideband 90 differential phase shifter," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 23, No. 3, 122-124, March 2013.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2013.2244875 Google Scholar

11. Wang, J., Z. Shen, and L. Zhao, "UWB 90º phase shifter based on broadside coupler and T-shaped stub," IET Electronics Letters, Vol. 52, No. 25, 2048-2050, December 2016.
doi:10.1049/el.2016.3364 Google Scholar

12. Abbosh, A. M., "Broadband fixed phase shifters," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 21, No. 1, 22-24, January 2011.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2010.2079320 Google Scholar

13. Pu, X. Y., S. Y. Zheng, J. Liu, Y. Li, and Y. Long, "Novel multi-way broadband differential phase shifter with uniform reference line using coupled line structure," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 25, No. 3, 166-168, March 2015.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2015.2390538 Google Scholar

14. Xu, B. W., S. Y. Zheng, and Y. M. Pan, "A universal reference line-based differential phase shifter structure with simple design formulas," IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 7, No. 1, 123-130, January 2017.
doi:10.1109/TCPMT.2016.2633483 Google Scholar

15. Wang, Y., M. E. Bialkowski, and A. M. Abbosh, "Double microstrip-slot transitions for broadband microstrip phase shifters," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 22, No. 2, 58-60, February 2012.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2011.2181348 Google Scholar

16. Zhang, W., Y. Liu, Y. Wu, W. Wang, M. Su, and J. Gao, "A modified coupled-line Schiffman phase shifter with short reference line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 54, 17-27, 2014. Google Scholar

17. Wu, Y., L. Yao, W. Wang, and Y. Liu, "A wide-band 180-degree phase shifter using a pair of coupled-line stubs," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 240-241, July 2015. Google Scholar

18. Bai, Y.-F., X.-H. Wang, C.-J. Gao, Q.-L. Huang, and X.-W. Shi, "Design of compact quad-frequency impedance transformer using two-section coupled line," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 60, No. 8, 2417-2423, August 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2202682 Google Scholar

Mr. Md Hedayatullah Maktoomi

Dr. Rahul Gupta

Dr. Mohammad A. Maktoomi

Dr. Mohammad S. Hashmi